试验条件对土工格栅与膨胀土界面拉拔性状的影响

采用高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）单向土工格栅,以及南水北调中线工程新乡段的膨胀性泥灰岩风化土,在填土尺寸为600 mm×600 mm×600 mm的大型叠环式剪切试验机上进行一系列拉拔试验,研究了土工格栅与试验箱侧壁距离、拉拔速率、上覆荷载大小等试验条件因素对筋土界面拉拔性状的影响。结果表明：不排水条件下,土工格栅与试验箱侧壁的距离,对峰值拉拔力、界面强度与切向刚度的影响不大;拉拔速率较大时,拉拔力增长较快,其拉拔力峰值和界面强度较大;上覆荷载和拉拔力不同,格栅的变形量及筋土相对位移量不同,不同上覆荷载下界面摩阻力沿格栅埋入长度分布的非均匀程度不同,并可导致较小上覆荷载下界面平均摩阻力反而较大的反常行为。     

鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程施工和运行对湖区及尾闾洪水动力的影响

鄱阳湖是长江水系中的两大通江湖泊之一,在调节长江水位、涵养水源、改善当地气候和维护周围地区生态平衡等方面都起着巨大的作用。鄱阳湖水利枢纽的修建可能导致湖泊水文情势和水动力的变化。本文基于MIKE 21构建鄱阳湖二维水动力模型,选取1954年和1998年特大洪水年以及1991年长江倒灌年作为运行期的典型年,选取1995年作为施工期典型年,按照规划中的鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程施工及运行调度方案,计算水利枢纽修建前后鄱阳湖水位和流量的变化,定量分析枢纽工程对长江干流、鄱阳湖湖区及尾闾附近洪水动力的影响。结果表明:不同典型年鄱阳湖水利枢纽对长江干流、湖区及尾闾的洪水动力影响相似,其中洪水期、倒灌期及施工期一期对长江防洪、湖区及尾闾附近的影响较小,施工期二期湖区水位壅高幅度最高达0.237 m,对鄱阳湖湖区及尾闾附近防洪有一定影响;枢纽工程对星子、都昌、康山等湖区水文站水位影响幅度较为接近,且越靠近尾闾,影响越小。整体而言,鄱阳湖水利枢纽的修建会导致洪水年鄱阳湖湖区水位壅高,倒灌期湖区水位降低,湖区流速降低,但变化幅度均较小,故枢纽工程施工期和运行期对汛期行洪影响不大。     

Regional assessment of landslide impact in the Three Gorges area, China, using ASTER data: Wushan-Zigui

This paper is focussed on the hazard impact of landslides in the Three Gorges, and represents the progression of our ongoing study on regional land instability assessment in the Three Gorges area using imagery data from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Radiometer (ASTER). The key development here is the establishment of a model that integrates land instability with several factors that can relate hazard to human life, such as slope failures occurring in proximity to built-up areas and roads, and areas of high landslide risk along the bank of Yangtze and its major tributaries. The method correctly identifies some of the known destructive landslides in the region, like Qianjiangping and Huangtupo, as belonging to areas of potentially high landslide impact. Our results suggest that several population centres, including the towns of Wushan and Badong, are rated at high landslide hazard levels. This study highlights the importance of differentiating between landslide types within susceptibility assessment, and identifies those locations in the Three Gorges where the probability of landslide occurrence with negative impact to life and property is greatest.     

沙坡头水利枢纽工程坝基岩体抗剪参数的试验研究

黄河沙坡头水利枢纽是以灌溉、发电为主的综合水利工程,坝基岩体为碳质页岩、灰质泥岩和杂色泥岩,岩体较疏松,裂隙发育,对此进行了坝基岩体现场大、中型剪力试验。获得了岩体的抗剪(断)参数,为设计提供了可靠的成果。     

The evolving role of finance in South Africa’s renewable energy sector

In the last four years, carbon-intensive, coal-dependent South Africa has become one of the leading global destinations for renewable energy investment. This investment can be attributed to the unprecedented take off of the country’s Renewable Energy Independent Power Producers’ Programme (RE IPPPP), a bidding process for the procurement of privately generated, utility scale renewable energy, launched in August 2011. Asserting that energy must be studied within the broader economic, political and social forces in which it is embedded, I explore the fundamental role that different modes of finance have played in shaping South Africa’s emerging renewable energy sector within the context of the country’s unique system of accumulation characterised by its minerals-energy complex (MEC) (Fine and Rustomjee, 1996). I focus on finance and financialisation as growing features within the MEC. I further examine the tension or incompatibility between commercial demands for ‘bankability’, short-term shareholder value and impatient finance and RE IPPPP’s unique requirements for community ownership of projects and the realisation of economic development criteria. I find that a reconfiguration of long-standing MEC actors, particularly in the realms of finance is taking place as they merge with new sources of foreign capital.     

蚌湖与鄱阳湖水量交换关系的分析

根据蚌湖和鄱阳湖修水站的水位同步观测资料,结合湖区地形,分析蚌湖与鄱阳湖的水量交换关系,并利用三峡工程对鄱阳湖修水,星子,都昌站水位影响的预测结果,讨论三峡工程对蚌湖水情的影响。     

大洋钻探（ODP）与测井地质研究

ＯＤＰ是ＤＳＤＰ的继续，它验证了岩石层板块构造理论，揭示出晚中生代以来的全球气候变化过过程，还带动了一批新学科，如层序地层学，锶同位素地层学的出现，使地质学从零星的描述发展到地球系统研究阶段。同时，使测井技术层次由油气，煤炭测井上升到测井地质的成因研究。     

格宾技术在长江三峡三斗坪镇护岸防治工程中的应用

格宾护坡技术因其较以往传统方法具有柔性整体强固、透水性能好、经久耐用、利于植被生长等优点,近些年来逐渐在我国堤防治理、边坡防护等工程中加以应用。本护岸防治工程位于长江南岸三斗坪镇一带,上距三峡大坝4.5 km,该段岸坡全长3 137 m,其中土质岸坡2 917 m,其护坡材料主要为格宾石垫,工程治理后,该段护岸面貌已焕然一新。工程监测结果表明,截止2005年10月,该段岸坡无变形,取得了良好的经济和社会效益,值得在以后护岸工程治理中加以推广。     

山西省万家寨引黄入晋工程总干线环境水文地质问题

山西省万家寨引黄工程是解决山西能源基地及省会太原市供水短缺的战略性工程,总干线引水工程主要建筑物为引水隧洞,总长42.1km.该区为黄土覆盖的岩溶高原地区,地表严重缺水,生态环境脆弱.隧洞工程主要是在天桥泉域区域岩溶地下水的包气带通过,虽然对区域岩溶水文地质环境影响不大,但对浅层岩溶水文地质环境有一定影响,表现为对岩溶区各种上层滞水及浅层地下水产生疏干作用,从而对岩溶高原区的农村生活用水及生态环境产生影响.本文探讨隧洞工程对浅层水文地质环境的影响的形势并提出了治理措施.     

三峡蓄水后洞庭湖水沙环境变化对湖区航道的影响

江湖关系变化是影响洞庭湖水文泥沙环境的重要因素,关系到湖区航运的安全。以实测水文及地形数据为基础,研究了洞庭湖区水沙环境的变化特征,并分析了其对湖区航道的影响。结果表明:① 三峡蓄水后,枯季湖区月均流量趋于减少,湖区淤积减缓甚至出现冲刷,枯水期湖口低水位有所上升,湖面比降趋于降低;② 受来沙减少影响,湖区航道有所冲刷,湖口低水位上升使得湖区通航保证率水位有一定幅度上升,航道水深增加,三峡蓄水初期江湖关系变化对湖区航道的影响总体为积极因素,对湖区湘江航道的影响要大于开湖航道。