后装配组件的分析与设计方法

后装配组件的分析与设计方法是为如何方便组装、拆卸和替换组件而提出的，它是建立在面向对象和基于组件的软件工程基础上，把组件的概念引入到需求分析中，建立起组件与具体需求的映射关系。该方法能根据用户需求变化直接确定要维护的组件，从而提高组件的适应能力。     

土地利用变更的遥感应用分析

发现变化区域和变更类型是土地利用变更信息提取的主要任务,随着遥感技术的发展,土地利用变化信息提取的方法趋向于结合高分辨率的卫星影像和现有的影像处理方法来产生变化信息模板。本文全面总结分析了土地利用变更信息获取的技术和方法,并在此基础上进一步研究了基于RS和GIS技术的土地利用变更信息获取技术方法,以及高分辨率遥感影像在土地利用变更信息提取中的应用分析。     

基于长时间序列遥感数据的阿伯德尔国家公园 生态环境质量评价

阿伯德尔国家公园位于号称肯尼亚“水塔”的阿伯德尔山脉上,是肯尼亚重要的旅游景区和珍稀动植物保护区,开展该地生态环境质量评价对肯尼亚水资源保护与可持续发展具有重要的意义。本研究基于1987-2018年的Landsat系列遥感数据,通过计算综合遥感生态指数RSEI,结合趋势线分析法对阿伯德尔国家公园近32年间生态环境质量变化进行客观定量分析。研究结果显示：① 1987-2018年研究区RSEI均值从0.62下降到0.51,生态环境质量退化的区域面积为551.52 km ²,占总面积的71.85%,表明在气候变化和人类活动影响下,1987-2018年研究区的环境状况呈恶化趋势;②环境质量显著恶化的区域主要分布于亚高山植被区和东部低海拔森林覆盖区,亚高山地区植被生态系统结构单一,稳定性差,对气候变化和人类活动更为敏感;而东部区域存在过度开发,非法砍伐森林等现象,且旅游开发强度大,环境恶化与人类活动密切相关。     

MAPGIS组件技术在平硐空间数据管理中的应用

利用MAPGIS组件技术,实现了将隧道施工中采集的多源种类数据信息直接生成MAPGIS支持的平硐图形文件,并且能将平硐的图形信息和隧道采集数据进行连接与同时管理的功能。这充分发挥了GIS管理空间数据和属性数据的优势,合理管理平硐基础空间信息资料,也解决了由手工矢量化和数字化采集等常规方式获取平硐图形信息工作量较大的缺点,以及平硐图形信息(空间数据)与采集的数据信息(属性数据)不能在一般非GIS系统中实现对应连接管理的问题。     

Spatio‐temporal tracer variability in the glacier melt end‐member — How does it affect hydrograph separation results?

Geochemical and isotopic tracers were often used in mixing models to estimate glacier melt contributions to streamflow, whereas the spatio‐temporal variability in the glacier melt tracer signature and its influence on tracer‐based hydrograph separation results received less attention. We present novel tracer data from a high‐elevation catchment (17 km², glacierized area: 34%) in the Oetztal Alps (Austria) and investigated the spatial, as well as the subdaily to monthly tracer variability of supraglacial meltwater and the temporal tracer variability of winter baseflow to infer groundwater dynamics. The streamflow tracer variability during winter baseflow conditions was small, and the glacier melt tracer variation was higher, especially at the end of the ablation period. We applied a three‐component mixing model with electrical conductivity and oxygen‐18. Hydrograph separation (groundwater, glacier melt, and rain) was performed for 6 single glacier melt‐induced days (i.e., 6 events) during the ablation period 2016 (July to September). Median fractions (±uncertainty) of groundwater, glacier melt, and rain for the events were estimated at 49±2%, 35±11%, and 16±11%, respectively. Minimum and maximum glacier melt fractions at the subdaily scale ranged between 2±5% and 76±11%, respectively. A sensitivity analysis showed that the intraseasonal glacier melt tracer variability had a marked effect on the estimated glacier melt contribution during events with large glacier melt fractions of streamflow. Intra‐daily and spatial variation of the glacier melt tracer signature played a negligible role in applying the mixing model. The results of this study (a) show the necessity to apply a multiple sampling approach in order to characterize the glacier melt end‐member and (b) reveal the importance of groundwater and rainfall–runoff dynamics in catchments with a glacial flow regime.     

莫桑比克东部滨海砂矿矿物组成及特征

滨海砂矿是目前全球最大的潜在矿产资源之一。以莫桑比克的滨海砂矿作为研究对象,利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）等手段对莫桑比克东部滨海砂矿的矿物组成及特征进行了研究。并用数理统计方法讨论了重砂矿的元素赋存状态及其载体矿物。研究结果表明：（1）砂矿的矿石矿物主要为钛铁矿、金红石和锆石,脉石矿物主要为石英和长石。（2）重砂矿的主要化学组分为Ti和zr;Hf及REE为次要组分;而主要有害元素组分Th和U,其总体含量低,故重砂矿对采选加工和产品利用均无明显环境危害。（3）重砂矿中元素含量与粒度之间呈一定相关性,显示zr、Hf、U、Cr、Ta的载体矿物的粒度相对较细;Ti、Fe、V、Nb的载体矿物的粒度相对较粗。     

粒度特征揭示的中全新世以来毛乌素沙地演化过程

通过对毛乌素沙地现代固定沙丘、半固定沙丘、半流动沙丘和流动沙丘的粒度特征分析,发现研究区沙地变化敏感粒度是>245 μm的沉积物粒度组分,尝试性地将其用于地质时期沙地演化研究。结合区域典型风成砂-古土壤剖面的沉积相特征,探讨了中晚全新世以来毛乌素沙地的时间演化过程及其特征。结果表明：中全新世以来毛乌素沙地存在多次活化扩张和固定萎缩事件,除7.5 ka BP前为流动沙地占优势以外,其余阶段多在半流动沙地、半固定沙地和固定沙地之间频繁转换,即使在全新世适宜期古土壤大规模发育期间仍存在局地短时间的沙地活化事件。     

Quality mapping of the Ryytimaa dolomite in western Finland

The Ryytimaa dolomite formation in western Finland is mined for fertilizing purposes in agriculture. Ordinary kriging, indicator kriging, and indicator principal components simulation were used to map the dolomite quality. The fertilizing properties depend on the relative amounts of MgO and neutralizing CaO in dolomite. Based on the chemical composition the dolomite is divided into six quality classes according to the Finnish legislation. This quality classification is only partially in accordance with the three populations inferred from the distributions of the MgO, CaO, and neutralizing CaO contents. These populations probably represent compositionally different dolomite layers, now forming complicated fold interference structures that are visible on the kriged maps. The mapping of the quality, and thus, selective mining of the dolomite deposit is possible using the quality classification based on the three populations. In contrast, selective mining of the dolomite based on the legislation is difficult—at least with techniques used in this study.     

Testing spatial heterogeneity in geographically weighted principal components analysis

We propose a method to evaluate the existence of spatial variability in the covariance structure in a geographically weighted principal components analysis (GWPCA). The method, that is extensive to locally weighted principal components analysis, is based on performing a statistical hypothesis test using the eigenvectors of the PCA scores covariance matrix. The application of the method to simulated data shows that it has a greater statistical power than the current statistical test that uses the eigenvalues of the raw data covariance matrix. Finally, the method was applied to a real problem whose objective is to find spatial distribution patterns in a set of soil pollutants. The results show the utility of GWPCA versus PCA.     

Crustal seismic anisotropy in Yunnan, Southwestern China

Using seismic data recorded by Yunnan Telemetry Seismic Network from January 1, 2000, to May 31, 2005, the polarization directions of fast shear waves are obtained at 15 seismic stations by SAM technique, which is a systematic analysis method on shear-wave splitting. The results show that predominant directions of polarizations of fast shear waves at most stations are mainly nearly in the N–S or NNW directions in Yunnan. The predominant polarization directions of fast shear waves at stations located on the active faults are consistent with the strike of active faults, directions of regional principal compressive strains from GPS measurement, and directions of regional principal compressive stress. A few of the stations show that polarization patterns of fast shear waves are more complicated or inconsistent with the strike of active faults and the directions of principal GPS compressive strains; these stations are always located at the junction of several faults. We conclude that the predominant polarization direction of fast shear waves indicates that the direction of the in situ maximum principal compressive stress is controlled by multiple tectonic aspects, such as the regional stress field and faults.