双重投影在高速铁路测量中的应用分析

针对目前我国高速铁路测量采用的高斯投影独立坐标系每个投影带可控制范围太小,给施工带来很多不便的问题,提出了首先将椭球面经纬度投影至球面后再沿铁路线方向进行斜墨卡托投影的原理、方法和计算步骤,并通过算例分析其在高速铁路测量应用中的可行性,该投影方法与目前施工单位正在使用的高斯投影相比较具有明显的优点。     

遥感影像内容的语义查询算法与应用

海量遥感影像数据如何进行方便快捷的查询检索与定位,是影像数据存储管理部门所面临的主要问题,同时也是制约影像数据为用户提供更好服务的瓶颈。本文主要分析了当前遥感影像数据库查询检索的几种方式和它们的利弊,进而提出一种在近乎海量的遥感数据中简单、方便、快捷的算法与实现思想。并在已有的影像数据库引擎原型系统上,设计出一种检索查询遥感影像内地物的方法。这种方法以矢量要素的空间信息和属性信息为引导,快速准确的定位地物所在的影像块,为遥感影像的有效管理和应用提供了一种可行的方法。     

基于地心坐标系的卫星导航测风平滑算法

本文从高空风探测原理出发,提出可业务化运行的卫星导航探空系统高空风平滑计算方法。该算法首先根据北斗〖CD*2〗GPS（Global Positioning System）双模式探空仪提供的大地坐标秒间隔数据,基于地心坐标系计算原始高空风;然后,采用矢量滑动平均法对原始数据进行平滑处理。通过与同球施放的芬兰RS92探空系统做比对分析得出,滑动平均窗口在0～32 km高度范围内设置为34 s、在32 km高度以上设置为60 s条件下,卫星导航探空系统与RS92探空系统高空风测量结果吻合较好。该算法计算结果同基于站心坐标系计算的30 s滑动平均风基本相同,但其风速分量误差范围在32 km高度以下略优、在32 km高度以上减小明显,升空全程误差范围更为稳定。     

世界全图数字化数据处理的解析变换方法

鉴于世界全图数字化数据是各类专业信息系统广泛用于空间信息定位的载体和基础,本文详细讨论了1:1400万世界全图数字化数据处理解析变换方法的正解变换模型、统一投影坐标系模型和反解变换模型,并给出了算例。最后证明,本文提供的更解变换模型的计算精度完全能满足地图数据库要求。     

盐用做高温高压实验传压介质一种新方法

固体传压高温高压岩石三轴实验中，固体传压介质是影响实验结果的重要因素，ＮａＣｌ介质以它流动性好，围压均匀等特点，八十年代以来越来越受到人们青睐。本文用ＮａＣｌ介质在〈３ＧＰａ固体传压三轴流变仪〉上进行了高温高压岩石流变特性的实验研究，并达到了较高的压力（〉２ＧＰａ）和温度（〉１２００℃）；本文同时利用ＮａＣｌ介质对样品装样方式及温度、压力等相关测定方面进行了研究。     

Numerical simulations of katabatic jumps in coats land,Antartica

A non-hydrostatic numerical model, the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), has been used to investigate the development of katabatic jumps in Coats Land, Antarctica. In the control run with a 5 m s^-1downslope directed initial wind, a katabatic jump develops near the foot of the idealized slope. The jump is manifested as a rapid deceleration of the downslope flow and a change from supercritical to subcritical flow, in a hydraulic sense, i.e., the Froude number (Fr) of the flow changes from Fr > 1 to Fr> 1. Results from sensitivity experiments show that an increase in the upstream flow rate strengthens the jump, while an increase in the downstream inversion-layer depth results in a retreat of the jump. Hydraulic theory and Bernoulli's theorem have been used to explain the surface pressure change across the jump. It is found that hydraulic theory always underestimates the surface pressure change, while Bernoulli's theorem provides a satisfactory estimation. An analysis of the downs balance for the katabatic jump indicates that the important forces are those related to the pressure gradient, advection and, to a lesser extent, the turbulent momentum divergence. The development of katabatic jumps can be divided into two phases. In phase I, the t gradient force is nearly balanced by advection, while in phase II, the pressure gradient force is counterbalanced by turbulent momentum divergence. The upslope pressure gradient force associated with a pool of cold air over the ice shelf facilitates the formation of the katabatic jump.     

Possibilities of GPS Kinematic Measurements for Geological Survey in East Slovakia

This paper deals with transformation procedures for observed GPS data from the world geodetic system WGS-84 into the national geodetic grid datum S-UTCN(system of united trigonometric cadaster network) and Baa(the Baltic Sea after adjustment).Transformation from WGS-84 into SUTCN is performed most frequently by means of the 7-element Helmert transformation with three identical points.Geodetic network was adjusted by two ways.     

由空间直角坐标计算大地坐标的简便公式

对大地测量教科书中给出的空间三维直角坐标与大地坐标的转换公式进行了大量的计算与分析，总结得出一组由空间直角坐标计算大地坐标的简便公式。     

GIS应用中海量地图数据的组织

结合地图数据中坐标系的选择、多幅地图管理及DEM处理等问题 ,介绍了一种在GIS应用中管理海量地图数据的方法 ,采用这种方法可以使图幅接边、DEM处理等问题大大简化。     

一个压力坐标下的海洋环流模式

A new oceanic general circulation model in pressure coordinates is formulated. Since the bottom pressure changes with time, the vertical coordinate is actually a pressure-σ coordinate. The numerical solution of the model is based on an energy-conservation scheme of finite difference. The most important new feature of the model is that it is a truly compressible ocean model and it is free of the Boussinesq approxima tions. Thus, the new model is quite different from many existing models in the following ways: 1) the exact form of mass conservation, 2) the in-situ instantaneous pressure and the UNESCO equation of state to calculate density, 3) the in-situ density in the momentum equations, 4) finite difference schemes that conserve the total energy. Initial tests showed that the model code runs smoothly, and it is quite stable. The quasi-steady circulation patterns generated by the new model compare well with existing models, but the time evolution of the new model seems different from some existing models. Thus, the non-Boussinesq models may provide more accurate information for climate study and satellite observations.