Assessing the benefit of satellite-based Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence in crop yield prediction

Large-scale crop yield prediction is critical for early warning of food insecurity, agricultural supply chain management, and economic market. Satellite-based Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) products have revealed hot spots of photosynthesis over global croplands, such as in the U.S. Midwest. However, to what extent these satellite-based SIF products can enhance the performance of crop yield prediction when benchmarking against other existing satellite data remains unclear. Here we assessed the benefits of using three satellite-based SIF products in yield prediction for maize and soybean in the U.S. Midwest: gap-filled SIF from Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2), new SIF retrievals from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), and the coarse-resolution SIF retrievals from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2). The yield prediction performances of using SIF data were benchmarked with those using satellite-based vegetation indices (VIs), including normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and near-infrared reflectance of vegetation (NIRv), and land surface temperature (LST). Five machine-learning algorithms were used to build yield prediction models with both remote-sensing-only and climate-remote-sensing-combined variables. We found that high-resolution SIF products from OCO-2 and TROPOMI outperformed coarse-resolution GOME-2 SIF product in crop yield prediction. Using high-resolution SIF products gave the best forward predictions for both maize and soybean yields in 2018, indicating the great potential of using satellite-based high-resolution SIF products for crop yield prediction. However, using currently available high-resolution SIF products did not guarantee consistently better yield prediction performances than using other satellite-based remote sensing variables in all the evaluated cases. The relative performances of using different remote sensing variables in yield prediction depended on crop types (maize or soybean), out-of-sample testing methods (five-fold-cross-validation or forward), and record length of training data. We also found that using NIRv could generally lead to better yield prediction performance than using NDVI, EVI, or LST, and using NIRv could achieve similar or even better yield prediction performance than using OCO-2 or TROPOMI SIF products. We concluded that satellite-based SIF products could be beneficial in crop yield prediction with more high-resolution and good-quality SIF products accumulated in the future.     

Time series forecasting of river flow using an integrated approach of wavelet multi-resolution analysis and evolutionary data-driven models. A case study: Sebaou River (Algeria)

The complexity of hydrological processes and lack of data for modeling require the use of specific tools for non-linear natural phenomenon. In this paper, an effort has been made to develop a conjunction model – wavelet transformation, data-driven models, and genetic algorithm (GA) – for forecasting the daily flow of a river in northern Algeria using the time series of runoff. This catchment has a semi-arid climate and strong variability in runoff. The original time series was decomposed into multi-frequency time series by wavelet transform algorithm and used as inputs to artificial neural networks (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models. Several factors must be optimized to determine the best model structures. Wavelet-based data-driven models using a GA are designed to optimize model structure. The performances of wavelet-based data-driven models (i.e. WANFIS and WANN) were superior to those of conventional models. WANFIS (RMSE = 12.15 m³/s, EC = 87.32%, R = .934) and WANN (RMSE = 15.73 m³/s, EC = 78.83%, R = .888) models improved the performances of ANFIS (RMSE = 23.13 m³/s, EC = 54.11%, R = .748) and ANN (RMSE = 22.43 m³/s, EC = 56.90%, R = .755) during the test period.     

降水与相对湿度协同算法研究

本文利用天津地区国家气象观测站2016-2017年常规观测数据和欧洲中心数值模式数据,建立降水和相对湿度协同统计订正算法并检验评估,结果表明：观测资料显示降水量级越小,其相对湿度的离散度越大,且日变化特征。雨量越大、降水持续时间越长,相对湿度稳定在90%以上。模式预报降水时的相对湿度分布离散度较大,需订正。基于降水与相对湿度的统计关系,建立的降水和相对湿度协同算法,算法对于小雨的相对湿度订正偏高,而对于中雨以上订正偏低;协同订正效果不理想的可能原因是模式数据的时间分辨率不高,协同统计算法还有待进一步优化。     

概念性流域水文模型参数多目标优化率定

针对传统基于单一目标的水文模型参数优化率定方法不能充分挖掘水文系统不同动态行为特征的缺陷,提出一种多目标文化混合复形差分进化算法(Multi-objective Culture Shuffled Complex Differential Evolution,MOCSCDE)用于求解水文模型参数多目标优化问题。MOCSCDE算法将混合复形进化算法(Shuffled Complex Evolution,SCE-UA)置于文化算法(Cultural Algorithms,CA)进化的框架中,利用种群进化过程中提取的各种知识指导算法的运行,提高算法的运行效率,同时考虑到SCE-UA中单纯形算子不能充分利用种群个体信息的不足,采用全局搜索能力强的差分进化算法(Differential Evolution,DE)替代单纯形算子,可以更加充分利用种群个体信息进行演化计算,进一步提高算法的计算效率。将MOCSCDE算法应用于概念性水文模型——新安江模型的参数多目标优化率定,并与NSGA-Ⅱ和SPEA2算法进行对比分析,结果表明MOCSCDE算法的收敛性和分布性均优于NSGA-Ⅱ和SPEA2,可为水文预报提供更为全面可靠的参数组合决策依据。     

逐级订正最高、最低气温客观预报方法研究

基于预报员主观预报思路，利用历史气候资料、数值预报产品、常规资料等相结合，建立最高、最低气温24h预报的主观预报订正参考值和客观预报系统，为24h最高、最低气温预报提供依据。     

人工引发雷电对雷暴特性可能影响的观测与分析

利用地面电场,地面降雨和雷达资料就人工引发雷电对雷暴特性的可能影响进行了初步分析和讨论。     

随机强迫对集合预报效果的影响研究

以Lorenz96模式为动力框架,建立了考虑模式随机强迫不确定性的集合预报系统,并选择模式气候态和集合平均预报效果为研究对象,研究随机强迫对集合预报效果的影响.结果表明,在数值模式积分过程中引入恰当的随机强迫构成的新计算范式,较非随机强迫更接近真值的气候平均与气候标准差,对刻画数值模式的气候态也有正效果;且随机强迫的正效果主要体现在长时效阶段.集合平均预报方面,绝大部分白噪声随机强迫对应的集合预报效果优于非随机强迫集合预报,集合预报效果也随白噪声强迫增大非单调变化,并且非线性系统不同,相同比率的白噪声随机强迫产生的效果也不同.同时,绝大部分红噪声随机强迫对应的集合预报效果也优于非随机强迫集合预报,但仅部分φ(表示所引入外强迫的随机性部分和确定性部分相互耦合的一个度量)值对应的红噪声强迫集合预报优于白噪声随机强迫集合预报;而且红噪声随机强迫集合预报改善效果随系数的正负分布非对称且非单调变化.此外,相关系数φ的选择也依赖于模型.     

神农架森林火灾发生率的长期预报

通过对神农架林区１９７０－１９９１年的森林火灾资料和前期青藏高原月平均气温的相关分析，建立该区３－５月林火发生率的长期预报统计模型，经１９９２年和１９９３年的实况验证，预报效果良好。     

2007年12月至2008年2月T213、ECMWF及日本模式中期预报性能检验

为了解中期数值预报模式性能,提高中期预报水平,针对2007年12月至2008年2月T213模式96小时预报产品进行天气学检验,并与ECMWF、日本模式96小时预报性能进行了对比分析.结果表明,三个模式的96小时预报对亚洲中高纬地区大尺度环流形势演变和重大调整有较强的预报能力,对于转折性天气的预报有较强的指示意义.综合分析来看,ECMWF模式对西风指数、850hPa温度变化、500hPa环流形势及南支槽的预报误差最小,日本模式次之.     

几种降水集成预报方法的对比分析

采用多数表决集成法、评分权重集成法、多元回归集成法对承德市两来系统形成的降水进行晴雨和分级集成预报试验.结果表明:在每种单一的数值预报方法TS值均较高,总体预报质量相差不大的情况下,多数表决集中集成法可大幅度提高预报准确率;如果几种数值预报对于降水分级预报的预报准确率相差较大时,可采用评分权重集成法来提高总体预报质量;在样本足够的条件下,细化的预报结果多元回归集成法是晴雨预报和分级降水预报中比较可行的集成方法之一.