青藏高原唐古拉山冬克玛底河流域水文过程特征分析

利用１９９３年５￣９月连续时间序列的资料，对青藏高原唐古拉山冬克玛底冰川区及其流域的水文过程特征进行初步分析。由于青藏高原季风环流的影响，在性质不同气团控制所产生的降水天然过程的降水量差别极大，该区域主要降水集中在６￣８月，Ｔｒｅｔｙａｋｏｖ雨量器对标准雨量器捕捉率的修正量小于天山地区的研究结果，该流域地面蒸发过程较为强盛，各种下垫面的蒸发量占流域水量平衡收入的３７％，土壤蒸发量与水面蒸发和土壤含     

关于银山矿床成矿作用的几个问题——兼与《江西银山铜铅锌金银矿床》的作者商榷

银山多金属矿床是一个特大型火山—潜火山热液矿床,具有复杂的多期多阶段的成矿作用和有序的成矿分带。成矿作用主要为火山—潜火山热液作用,但在此之前,还经历了一期由韧脆性剪切带形成而引起的动力变质热液作用。根据矿体与3个旋回潜火山岩体的时空关系,火山—潜火山热液成矿作用又可分为两个成矿期和5个成矿阶段。矿床地质地球化学研究表明成矿作用在空间上具有定向迁移的特点,结合流体动力学计算机数值模拟认为定向迁移的根本原因是构造岩浆脉动和隐伏岩体形态产状。笔者认为,矿区深部可能有隐伏岩体,但对隐伏的斑岩铜矿床不应抱很大希望     

珊瑚礁工程地质研究的内容和方法

珊瑚礁工程地质研究的主要内容为珊瑚礁自然地质条件、珊瑚礁岩土物理力学性质和珊瑚礁混凝土料问题。除了通常的工程地质研究方法外, 着重介绍珊瑚礁工程地质研究的钻探、触探和地球物理勘测方法。     

Simulation Experiments of Land Surface Physical Processes and Ecological Effect over Different Underlying Surface

Based on the existing Land Surface Physical Process Models(Deardorff, Dickinson, LIU, Noilhan, Seller, ZHAO), a Comprehensive Land Surface Physical Process Model (CLSPPM) is developed by considering the different physical processes of the earth‘s surface-vegetation-atmosphere system more completely. Compared with SiB and BATS, which are famous for their detailed parameterizations of physical variables, this simplified model is more convenient and saves much more computation time. Though simple, the feas...     

Physical disturbance creates bacterial dominance of benthic biological communities in tropical deltaic environments of the Gulf of Papua

Unlike many reactive continental shelf mud deposits in temperate regions, bacteria and microfauna rather than macrofauna typically dominate benthic biomass and activities over large areas of the Gulf of Papua (GoP) deltaic complex, Papua New Guinea. During mid NW monsoon periods (Jan–Feb), macrofaunal densities at Gulf stations were relatively low (), large macroinfauna were absent (upper 25 cm), and small (), surface deposit-feeding polychaetes and tubiculous amphipods were dominant, reflecting a frequently destabilized seabed and high sedimentation/erosion rates. Although frequent physical disturbance generally inhibits development of macrobenthic communities, some regions of the Gulf deposits are periodically colonized and extensively bioturbated during quiescent periods, as shown by preserved biogenic sedimentary structures. Bacterial inventories integrated over the top 20 cm were extremely variable within each sub region of the clinoform complex. A possible bimodal pattern with bathymetric depth and distance offshore may occur: lowest-inventories within the sandy, proximal Fly River delta, an open Gulf inner topset zone (10–20 m) having sites of relatively high inventories, an open Gulf mid-topset region with intermediate values and less extreme variation, and the outer topset—upper foreset zone (40–50 m) where highest values are attained (). Various measures of microbial activity, including measures proportional to the cellular rRNA content and the proportion of dividing cells, indicate extremely productive populations over the upper 1-m of the seabed throughout the Gulf of Papua region. Bacterial biomass (0–20 cm) including data of Alongi et al. (1991, 1992, 1995) varied from a low of in intertidal mud banks to a high of in the topset—foreset zone. Macrofaunal biomass did not exceed in any sampled region, ranging from 0.009±0 to with no obvious correlation with bathymetric depth (1–63 m). Meiofaunal biomass was generally an order of magnitude lower than macrofaunal biomass. Relatively elevated bacterial biomass and high turnover rates are consistent with high measured rates of benthic remineralization, presumably reflecting the rapid response time of bacteria to physical reworking, the associated entrainment of organic substrate, and flushing of metabolites. Solute exchange is also enhanced below the directly mixed surface region, possibly producing ‘far field’ stimulation of microbes in underlying deposits. Physical reworking and reoxidation of sediments between 10 and 50 m water depth maintain suboxic, nonsulfidic conditions in the upper 0.5–1 m despite active microbial communities and high benthic remineralization rates.     

The algorithm of decomposing superim-posed 2-D Poisson processes and its applica-tion to the extracting earthquake clustering pattern

IntroductionClusteringearthquakesareusuallyconsideredasomensofstrongearthquakesorasignaloftectonicmovement.Thus,theyarenotonlyoneoftheprimaryevidencestopredictearthquakesbutalsoasignificantindicatortorecognizetectonicmovement(MEI,etal,1993;EarthquakePre-dictionandPreventionDepartmentofChinaSeismologicalBureau,1998).Ongeneralconditions,webelievethatclusteringearthquakesexistrelativelytobackgroundearthquakes,howtoeffectivelyseparateonefromtheotherbecomesthekeypointofextractingtheclusteringea…     

土体冻结过程中的盐分场研究

As to salty soil, salt migrates with water in freezing soils, assembles and crystallizes continuously. Consequently the swelling of the soil volume leads to the phenomenon of salt heaving. It has a practical significance for solving salt-heaving and frost-heaving damage in engineering to deepen the understanding of salt heaving mechanism. In this paper a general overview about new research results at this aspect was presented. And then the study of salt migration and salt heaving mechanism and present salt heaving models were summarized. For further researching the field of salt transfer it is urgent to continually strengthen the salt migration and the numerical simulation study of salt heaving mechanism to expect perfecting the general evaluation of salt heaving prediction models so as to have a better service for engineering.     

利用ARGO资料改进海洋资料同化和海洋模式中的物理过程

国际ARGO计划的实施每年将可提供多达 10万个剖面 (0～ 2 0 0 0m水深 )的海水温度和盐度资料 ,这些资料的获取无疑将会大大促进海洋和大气科学的发展 ,使人们加深对海洋过程的了解 ,揭示海 气相互作用的机理 ,为长期天气预报和短期气候预测提供模式初始场 ,提高长期天气预报和短期气候预测的能力。如何利用这些资料开展研究工作以及在实际业务中应用这些资料是目前大气和海洋科学界的一个前沿课题。本研究将ARGO浮标资料引入了国家气候中心的NCC GODAS同化系统 ,结果分析表明 ,同化ARGO资料后所得到的海温场在三大洋中不仅在温度数值的大小 ,而且在分布形式方面都与观测场具有较好的一致性 ,可以很好地反映出观测到的冬季和夏季海温的分布形式以及海温的季节变化特征和异常特征。本研究还应用最新的ARGO海洋观测资料 ,通过建立新的热带西太平洋次表层海温参数化方案 ,改进了Zebiak Cane(1987)海洋模式 (ZC模式 ) ,克服了ZC模式几乎没有模拟赤道西太平洋表层和次表层海温变化能力的缺陷。在ZC模式中引用新的次表层海温参数化方案后 ,在赤道西太平洋不仅次表层海温的模拟得到了改善 ,对海面温度异常的模拟也有了较大的改进 ,不仅模拟出了赤道西太平洋表层和次表层海温异常的年际变化特征 ,也模拟出了与观     

BECAPEX科学试验城市建筑群落边界层大气环境特征及其影响

20 0 1～ 2 0 0 3年在北京实施了大气边界层动力、热力、化学综合观测试验 (BECAPEX ,BeijingCityAtmosphericPollutionObservationFieldExperiment) ,获取了北京城市大气动力和大气化学三维结构图像。综合观测试验分析研究发现 ,城市区域呈非均匀次生尺度热岛分布 ,并伴随着城市次生尺度环流 ,影响了局地空气污染物分布特征。MODIS卫星遥感 地面观测资料经过变分分析 ,可发现北京城市空气污染与周边区域影响源有密切关系 ,并影响城市群落环境气候特征 ,导致该区域日照、雾日、低云量和能见度呈显著年代际变化趋势。     

发现过程模型法对大港陆地探区油气资源的评价

对现有油气资源基本评价方法的原理、优缺点、适应性做了分析总结，重点剖析了在油藏总体分布服从帕莱托分布基础上建立起来的发现过程模型法．同时根据已建立的油气藏总体预测模型，对符合发现过程模型的大港陆地古近系成藏体系进行了油气资源评价。