寒区对研究设计施工的影响——第14届寒区工程学术会议综述

由美国土木工程师协会(ASCE)组织召开的寒区工程学术会议是北美寒区岩土工程界最为重要的学术交流会议之一.近年来,参加该会议的北美以外的寒区科研技术人员日渐增多.第14届寒区工程会议于2009年9月在美国Minnesota州Duluth市成功举行.根据本次会议的论文主题,从冻结作用、路面工程、铁路及公路工程以及其它一些方面对会议展示的主要研究进展进行了总结.     

基于ArcGIS Runtime SDK for Android离线编辑关键技术应用研究

近年来,传统的外业调绘模式逐渐向内外业一体化模式转变。本文以地理国情内外业一体化系统为依托,重点研究了ESRI的离线编辑关键技术,介绍了基于ArcGIS Runtime SDK for Android实现的离线编辑功能,以面修形算法为例,在细粒度的几何编辑基础上实现了常见的外业编辑业务。     

云南富宁县水合口矿化蚀变信息提取和找矿预测

云南富宁水合口金矿位于滇东南文山―富宁成矿带,属于著名的滇黔桂"金三角"地区。利用landsat 8OLI遥感影像对研究区进行1∶100 000矿化蚀变信息提取,结合区域地质和化探异常等多元信息进行找矿预测,表明矿化蚀变、断裂构造交汇处和地球化学异常空间叠加部位为有利找矿地区,圈定了5个找矿远景区,为研究区开展下一步找矿提供了科学依据。     

都日木断陷化探普查成效分析

都日木断陷为二连盆地的中新生代单断型凹陷,其地表为腾格尔沙漠的一部分。根据地面化探测量结果,结合地质、地震等资料,指出了该断陷具有良好的含油气远景,最有利区为蒙古勒背斜,有利区为板新图断块和布拉格背斜。该工作为该区下一步勘探指明了方向,也为在沙漠区进行化探工作积累了经验。     

中国北方沙漠化土地防治区划(纲要)

根据中国北方沙漠化土地形成发展的历史和现代过程、分布特点、发展趋势及其综合防治途径和利用开发方向等,以"保护优先,重点防治,合理利用,协调发展"作为沙漠化防治的指导方针,在考虑自然条件、沙漠化发展阶段与程度和自然条件、资源利用开发与区域可持续发展方向一致性等原则的基础上,将中国北方沙漠化土地划分为4大区22小区。为因地制宜地沙漠化土地防治提供理论依据。     

陕西河谷盆地生态系统服务协同与权衡时空差异分析

陕西河谷盆地是区域主要粮食基地和社会经济中心,人口增长、城镇化和工业化的加快发展,使得该地区生态环境受到人类活动的强烈冲击,生态环境面临着潜在的巨大危机,严重影响社会经济的可持续发展。本文选取西北地区经济中心—关中盆地和陕西省生态保护指定区—汉中盆地进行对比研究,以1990-2010年的生态系统服务数据（NPP、保水服务、食物供给）分析生态服务时空差异,通过相关分析、线性和幂函数回归等方法分析了生态系统服务协同与权衡的时空差异。结果表明：NPP与保水是协同关系,NPP与食物供给、保水与食物供给是权衡关系;21年中,两大盆地的协同关系均呈减弱趋势,权衡关系为加强趋势,且关中盆地的变化速度要高于汉中盆地;NPP与保水的协同程度,在关中盆地东部的耕地区域以及汉中盆地的宁强县与略阳县西部最强,以关中的铜川市和汉中的西乡县最弱;NPP与食物供给的权衡程度,在关中盆地的铜川市和西安市境内的秦岭区域以及汉中盆地的西乡县南部制约关系更为突出,以关中的宝鸡市及汉中的略阳县最弱。     

任意空间取向TI弹性张量解析表述

本文理论给出任意空间取向TI(ATI)四阶弹性张量的解析表述,其以VTI弹性常数及其简单组合为系数,包括各向同性项、TI对称轴方向矢量分量的二次项和四次项,其中TI对称轴方向矢量可以在固定坐标系定义, 也可以相对三维倾斜界面甚至相对波传播方向.相比四阶张量变换法和Bond变换法,ATI弹性张量能简洁而透明地为本构关系和波动方程提供四阶张量的所有元素. ATI弹性张量能为诸多方面的理论研究提供支撑.     

A comparison of results from geomorphological diversity evaluation methods in the Polish Lowland (Toruń Basin and Chełmno Lakeland)

Geomorphological diversity is part of geodiversity. Study and evaluation of geodiversity, including geomorphological diversity, is often conducted in uplands and mountains, despite the fact that lowland areas are of equal importance. This paper evaluates geomorphological diversity in a small area of the Polish Lowland, using a variety of methods that have been applied in recent times for evaluating geodiversity, and presents the results on maps. By comparing these maps and analyzing the correlation coefficients of the results obtained, it was possible to identify the two methods that were best suited to indicating areas with the greatest geomorphological diversity in the lowlands. These two methods are least affected by the choice of elementary fields and data classification methods applied. The study identified the two areas with the greatest relief diversity and showed that they distinctly differ from one another. They demonstrate the major influence of processes, not only on the topographic parameters and landform types, but above all on identifying and defining total geomorphological diversity. These methods, which can be used to identify the areas with the greatest total geomorphological diversity, could readily be used in applied studies relating to abiotic ecosystem services and landscape management.     

Communicating research on the economic valuation of coastal and marine ecosystem services

Quantifying the monetary value of ecosystem services (ES) provided by coastal and marine resources can help policy makers assess the trade-offs and synergies inherent in ecosystem-based management of marine and coastal environments, thus increasing the social efficiency of decision-making processes. As shown by the valuation literature, the number of coastal and marine management settings where valuation researchers have attempted to make a contribution is rising fast. However, this rise in research activity has not been matched by the increase in the use of economic valuation (EV) in the actual management of coastal and marine resources. This raises an interesting question: is EV responding to the needs of policy makers? This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the knowledge base regarding the economic values for coastal and marine ecosystems. It then discusses how to improve the uptake of ES valuation research by focussing on two core issues which are thought to be essential for more effective communication with the policy community.     

南极测绘中小像幅航片的区域网平差

本文介绍了用日产 Bronika SQ- A1 2 0型非量测相机对东南极拉斯曼丘陵 1 :40 0 0 0摄影比例尺小像幅航片进行加密的情况。通过用武汉测绘科技大学研制的联合平差程序 Wu CAPS软件的带附加参数的光束法区域网平差获得了实地上平面± 2 .82 9m,高程± 4.973 m的加密精度。文中还分析了若干精度问题 ,所得结论对今后的进一步研究将有所裨益