The hypermedia data model based on the infinity image

This paper presents the hypermedia data model based on the infinity RS image information system we have developed. The hypermedia data model consists of different semantic units called nodes, and the associations between nodes are called links. This paper proposes three kinds of nodes (interior node, physical node and complex node) and two kinds of links (plane network structure link, hyper-cube network structure links). The hypermedia information system, based on the model and the basic data layer (the infiniy RS image), represents a digital globe. An approach to the “Getting Lost in the Hyper-space” problem is presented. The approach using the hypermedia data model is an efficient way of handling a large number of RS images in various geographical information systems.     

Quantifying urban land cover change between 2001 and 2006 in the Gulf of Mexico region

We estimated urbanization rates (2001–2006) in the Gulf of Mexico region using the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2001 and 2006 impervious surface products. An improved method was used to update the NLCD impervious surface product in 2006 and associated land cover transition between 2001 and 2006. Our estimation reveals that impervious surface increased 416 km² with a growth rate of 5.8% between 2001 and 2006. Approximately 1110.1 km² of non-urban lands were converted into urban land, resulting in a 3.2% increase in the region. Hay/pasture, woody wetland, and evergreen forest represented the three most common land cover classes that transitioned to urban. Among these land cover transitions, more than 50% of the urbanization occurred within 50 km of the coast. Our analysis shows that the close-to-coast land cover transition trend, especially within 10 km off the coast, potentially imposes substantial long-term impacts on regional landscape and ecological conditions.     

Assessing image processing techniques for geological mapping: a case study in Eljufra,Libya

Various image processing techniques were experimented with in this study to evaluate their efficiency for geological mapping in the Eljufra area of northwest Libya. Remote sensing data including multi-spectral optical Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+), Synthetic Aperture Radar (ERS-2 SAR) and Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) extracted from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data were used to trace different lithological units as well as extracting geological lineaments in the study area. The study area is located in an arid environment mostly devoid of any vegetation. Most lithological and structural units are distinguishable based on their topographic form and spectral properties. Fusion of ETM+ and ERS-2 images was experimented with to further identify lithological units. Shaded relief techniques were implemented to enhance terrain perspective views and to extract geological lineaments. The results discriminated different rock units and modified formation boundaries and revealed new geological lineaments. Nine rock units were identified and plotted in the new geological map defined by the new boundaries. The dominant lineaments tend to run in the NNW-SSE and NNE-SSW directions. Analysis and interpretation of the lineaments provided information about the tectonic evolution of the study area.     

Mapping spiny aster infestations with QuickBird imagery

QuickBird satellite imagery acquired in June 2003 and September 2004 was evaluated for detecting the noxious weed spiny aster [Leucosyris spinosa (Benth.) Greene] on a south Texas, USA rangeland area. A subset of each of the satellite images representing a diversity of cover types was extracted and used as a study site. The satellite imagery had a spatial resolution of 2.8 m and contained 11-bit data. Unsupervised and supervised classification techniques were used to classify false colour composite (green, red, and near-infrared bands) images of the study site. Imagery acquired in June was superior to that obtained in September for distinguishing spiny aster infestations. This was attributed to differences in spiny aster phenology between the two dates. An unsupervised classification of the June image showed that spiny aster had producer's and user's accuracies of 90% and 93.1%, respectively, whereas a supervised classification of the June image had producer's and user's accuracies of 90% and 81.8%, respectively. These results indicate that high resolution satellite imagery coupled with image analysis techniques can be used successfully for detecting spiny aster infestations on rangelands.     

Validating the use of object-based image analysis to map commonly recognized landform features in the United States

ABSTRACT

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Geospatial Program (NGP) seeks to i) create semantically accessible terrain features from the pixel-based 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) data, and ii) enhance the usability of the USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) by associating boundaries with GNIS features whose spatial representation is currently limited to 2D point locations. Geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) was determined to be a promising method to approach both goals. An existing GEOBIA workflow was modified and the resulting segmented objects and terrain categories tested for a strategically chosen physiographic province in the mid-western US, the Ozark Plateaus. The chi-squared test of independence confirmed that there is significant overall spatial association between terrain categories of the GEOBIA and GNIS feature classes. Contingency table analysis also suggests strong category-specific associations between select GNIS and GEOBIA classes. However, 3D visual analysis revealed that GEOBIA objects resembled segmented regions more than they did individual landform objects, with their boundaries often failing to correspond to match what people would likely perceive as landforms. Still, objects derived through GEOBIA can provide initial baseline landscape divisions that can improve the efficiency of more specialized feature extraction methods.     

双桥-新路地区遥感影像的增强处理与构造解译

通过综合利用主成分分析替换法和高分辨率主成分分析融合法,对双桥-新路地区的遥感影像进行了增强处理与构造解译、甄别,突出了不同规模构造体系的特点,实现了对区内不同规模构造信息的有效补充。经后期野外验证,解译成果具有较高可信度,有助于该区热液型铀矿找矿靶区的圈定定位及后续资源潜力评价工作的开展。     

高分辨率遥感影像在新疆塔什库尔干地区沉积变质型铁矿勘查中的应用

采用Worldview-2、Quickbird高辨率分数据及Aster数据,开展了新疆塔什库尔干地区的沉积变质型铁矿遥感综合研究工作。在对研究区开展高分辨率遥感影像特征、遥感异常等成矿信息综合分析的基础上,以老并一赞坎铁矿区为例,建立了区域沉积变质型铁矿的遥感找矿模型,并利用该模型选择塔萨拉地区作为成矿有利地段进行了深入细致的研究,圈定了塔萨拉地区矿化蚀变带的分布范围。研究成果表明在布伦阔勒岩群南部的塔萨拉地区具有较好的寻找沉积变质型铁矿的前景。     

遇水膨胀隔离器在水文地质孔止水中应用

为克服海带、胶皮等止水膨胀材料,在下入孔内时容易被井壁磨挂、移位,致使止水效果欠佳的缺点,采用了将遇水膨胀橡胶做成隔离止水器的方法。该隔离器由套管短节、膨胀材料和防护挡圈三部分组成。套管短节为隔离器主体管,膨胀材料为遇水膨胀橡胶,用于封闭套管底部与孔壁间隙;防护挡圈是防止下管时,膨胀材料被磨损和限位。应用表明,该隔离器不仅克服了传统膨胀材料容易被磨挂的缺点,而且简化了钻孔结构,提高了钻进效率,止水效果好,为今后在条件复杂地层中施工水文地质孔的止水工作提供了借鉴。     

矿物微区分析中透射电镜测试技术的应用

透射电子显微镜（Transmission Electron Microscope,TEM）提供了超高的空间分辨率和多样化的微区分析方法,是纳米地质学研究的重要表征手段之一。运用TEM技术研究矿物时,由于地质样品的高度复杂性和强烈非均质性,使得实验测试过程复杂而困难。文章探索了一套适用于地质样品的TEM分析测试流程。首先根据样品特性,选择合适的样品制备方法,重点介绍了粉末制备法、离子减薄法及聚焦离子束法;然后进行目标矿物的定位,提出了一种扫描电镜（Scanning Electron Microscope, SEM）+TEM组合定位法;接着进行包括明场像、暗场像、高分辨像、电子衍射花样等不同类型图像的获取,着重说明了各种图像的成像原理、拍摄过程、注意事项和实验技巧;最后是选定关注的微区,测试元素组成及分布情况,并与常用的微区成分分析仪器进行对比,从而说明TEM成分分析的适用范围及优点。     

几何纠正模式对QuickBird全色影像定位精度的影响——以黄土高原为例

以陕北黄土高原的QuickBird全色影像为例,设计了4种几何精纠正模式并试验其对纠正后影像平面精度的影响.结果表明:①在控制点(GCP)均匀分布的条件下,随着GCP个数的不同,GCP残差的变幅远大于纠正后影像均方根的变幅;②利用实测GPS点一正射纠正模式纠正后的影像精度最高,1∶10 000地形图一正射纠正模式次之,...