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101.
在我国东部平原区城市及其周边土壤Hg异常查证过程中首次发现辰砂,对其矿物学特征进行了研究,并就辰砂分布与土壤Hg异常的空间对应关系、辰砂的含量与Hg异常土壤中Hg含量间的相关性等问题进行了探讨。结果表明,辰砂是Hg异常土壤中Hg的一种主要存在形式。这一发现对研究和评价Hg异常土壤的生态环境效应具有重要的理论和实用价值。 相似文献
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《Limnologica》2015
To establish the influence of phytoplankton blooms on the dynamics and sources of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in Lake Taihu, the concentrations and stable carbon isotope values (δ13C) of DOC and particulate organic carbon (POC) were analyzed, along with environmental factors, including water temperature, chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration, phytoplankton community and total bacterial abundance, from March to August 2013 at five sites in Lake Taihu. Significant differences were observed in the DOC concentrations and δ13CDOC values at the sampling sites. On average, the proportion of DOC in the total organic carbon (TOC) pool ranged from 30% ± 10% to 81% ± 7%. POC was positively associated with both Chl a concentration and cyanobacteria biomass, suggesting that cyanobacteria blooms contribute to the POC pool in Lake Taihu. Depleted 13C in DOC relative to POC was observed in August, indicating that DOC was partially derived from POC in August. However, Chl a explained only 40% of the variation in DOC in the entirety of Lake Taihu, and at two sites far from the estuary, the contribution of allochthonous carbon was less than 50% in August. These results suggested a greater influence of allochthonous sources on the DOC pool. Moreover, the biodegradability of DOC was further determined by the total dissolved carbohydrates to DOC ratio (TCHO/DOC), specific UV absorbance (SUVA254), and the concentrations of bioavailable DOC (BDOC). On average, 17% of the variation in DOC was attributable to the BDOC pool, and the BDOC concentration correlated positively with Chl a, cyanobacteria biomass, and total bacterial abundance, suggesting that cyanobacteria–derived DOC is biodegradable and is preferentially utilized by bacteria. 相似文献
105.
Robert Turnewitsch Barbara M. Springer Konstadinos Kiriakoulakis Juan Carlos Vilas Javier Arístegui George Wolff Florian Peine Stephan Werk Gerhard Graf Joanna J. Waniek 《Marine Chemistry》2007,105(3-4):208-228
Particulate matter in aquatic systems is an important vehicle for the transport of particulate organic carbon (POC). Its accurate measurement is of central importance for the understanding of marine carbon cycling. Previous work has shown that GF/F-filter-based bottle-sample-derived concentration estimates of POC are generally close to or higher than large-volume in-situ-pump-derived values (and in some rare cases in subzero waters are up to two orders of magnitude higher). To further investigate this phenomenon, water samples from the surface and mid-water Northeast Atlantic and the Baltic Sea were analyzed. Our data support a bias of POC concentration estimates caused by adsorption of nitrogen-rich dissolved organic material onto GF/F filters. For surface-ocean samples the mass per unit area of exposed filter and composition of adsorbed material depended on the filtered volume. Amounts of adsorbed OC were enhanced in the surface ocean (typically 0.5 μmol cm− 2 of exposed filter) as compared to the deep ocean (typically 0.2 μmol cm− 2 of exposed filter). These dependencies should be taken into account for future POC methodologies. Bottle/pump differences of samples that were not corrected for adsorption were higher in the deep ocean than in the surface ocean. This discrepancy increased in summer. It is shown that POC concentration estimates that were not corrected for adsorption depend not only on the filtered volume, true POC concentration and mass of adsorbed OC, but also on the filter area. However, in all cases we studied, correction for adsorption was important, but not sufficient, to explain bottle/pump differences. Artificial formation of filterable particles and/or processes leading to filterable material being lost from and/or missed by sample-processing procedures must be considered. It can be deduced that the maximum amounts of POC and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) that can be artificially formed per liter of filtered ocean water are 3–4 μM OC (5–10% of dissolved OC) and 0.2–0.5 μM ON (2–10% of dissolved ON), respectively. The relative sensitivities of bottle and pump procedures, and of surface- and deep-ocean material, to artificial particle formation and the missing/losing of material are evaluated. As present procedures do not exist to correct for all possible biasing effects due to artificial particle formation and/or miss/loss of filterable material, uncertainties of filtration-based estimates of POC concentrations need further testing. The challenge now is to further constrain the magnitude of the biasing effects that add to the adsorption effect to reduce the uncertainties of estimates of POC concentrations, inventories and fluxes in the ocean. 相似文献
106.
ZHU Lixin MA Shengming WANG Zhifeng China University of Geosciences Beijing Institute of Geophysical Geochemical Exploration Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Langfang Hebei 《《地质学报》英文版》2005,79(2):286-290
As a result of systematic study on heavy minerals in soils at city and town areas and their surroundings,cinnabar was discovered for the first time in areas of Hg anomalies in China, and it was found that the distribution of cinnabar was basically coincident in scope with that of Hg anomalies, showing that Hg anomalies were‘closely related to cinnabar. This finding provides a theoretical basis for a verification of Hg anomalies in soils in city and town areas and their surroundings, as well as evaluation of its ecological effects, and is significant to revealing the occurrence modes and origin of Hg in soils. 相似文献
107.
Zhixin Ke Yehui Tan Liangmin Huang Chunyu Zhao Xin Jiang 《Marine pollution bulletin》2017,114(1):183-191
Stable isotopic signatures (δ13C and δ15N) and C/N ratios of suspended particulate organic matter (POM) were investigated from the surface water of Daya Bay during summer and winter of 2015. The relatively high δ13CPOM values suggested the input of 13C-depleted terrigenous organic matter was low in Daya Bay. There were significant correlations between δ13CPOM values and chlorophyll a concentrations both during summer and winter, suggesting the δ13CPOM values were mainly controlled by the phytoplankton biomass in the surface water. The distribution of δ15NPOM values was more complicated than that of δ13CPOM and displayed low values in the outer bay and the Dan'ao River estuary. 15N-depleted ammonia originating from industrial wastewater might have strongly influenced the water quality and stable isotopic signatures of POM near the Dan'ao River estuary. The δ13CPOM and δ15NPOM values strongly reflect the influences of anthropogenic activity and eutrophication in Daya Bay. 相似文献
108.
Analytical Electron-Microscopy Fractionation of Fine and Colloidal Particulate-Phosphorus in Riverbed and Suspended Sediments 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The impact particulate-phosphorus (particulate-P) has on eutrophication of aquatic systems that greatly depends on its composition.
As a result, analysis methods for evaluating particulate-P speciation must be capable of identifying and/or quantifying the
wide range of forms particulate-P can take. In the present study, we compare the particulate P speciation of the fine and
colloidal fractions of riverbed sediment and suspended matter from two rivers in the Lake Geneva basin (French Alps) as determined
with chemical extractions to results of a combined Transmission Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Detection (TEM–EDS)
analysis of the same samples. TEM–EDS provides semi-quantitative information about the distribution of P throughout the solid
fraction of a sample and on the diversity of carrier phases, which are identified by their morphology and stochiometry. EDS-detectable
quantities of phosphorus were found in 15–35% of the particles in the samples analyzed. As expected, particulate-P existed
in a wide variety of forms, mostly associated with Al, Fe, Ca and Si. Some types of particles, often well-crystallized phosphate
minerals, had high P contents (10–30%), but the dominant carrier phases of P were diffuse matrices of particles with low P
contents (<5%). These matrices had a wide range of chemical compositions and included clay minerals, crystallized and amorphous
phases of Fe, as well as intermediary components. Classical chemical extractions showed major differences in P content and
speciation between the upstream and downstream sediment samples. The downstream samples showed higher frequencies of particles
containing P, a larger diversity of carrier phases, a higher contribution of clays as carrier phases of P, and the presence
of a new fraction with Al and Fe amorphous minerals. The processes that create and select carrier phases of particulate-P
are part of the general dynamics of P within a watershed. 相似文献
109.
运用石河子市2015—2020年6种污染物浓度,研究了石河子市近6年空气质量及污染物浓度时间变化特征。结果显示:石河子市近6年空气质量有所改善,首要污染物主要以可吸入颗粒物和臭氧为主,并有明显的采暖期和非采暖期之分。冬季空气质量对全年空气质量优良天数占比为负贡献,各污染物浓度的峰值多出现在白天。分析石河子市相对湿度、气压、温度等气象要素和空气质量指数的相关性,并建立拟合方程,结果显示石河子市除冬季外其他时间最小相对湿度、最低气温和空气质量指数相关性较好,在预报空气质量过程中可重点考虑。 相似文献
110.