SST variations of the Kuroshio from AVHRR observation

1 INTRODUCTION The Kuroshio Current (KC), being the western boundary current in the North Pacific subtropical gyre, is the second strongest current in the world af- ter the Gulf Stream and is famous as a strong and fast flow. KC plays an important role in…     

Impacts of Coastal SST Variability on the East Asian Summer Monsoon

The impacts of the seasonal and interannual SST variability in the East Asia coastal regions （EACRSST） on the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） have been examined using a regional climate model （PδRCM9） in this paper. The simulation results show that the correlation between the EACRSST and the EASM is strengthened after the mid-1970s and also the variability of the EACRSST forcing becomes much more important to the EASM interannual variability after the mid-1970s. The impacts of the EACRSST on the summer precipitation over each sub-region in the EASM region become weak gradually from south to north, and the temporal evolution features of the summer precipitation differences over North and Northeast China agree well with those of the index of EASM （IEASM） differences.
The mechanism analyses show that different EACRSST forcings result in the differences of sensible and latent heat flux exchanges at the air-sea interface, which alter the heating rate of the atmosphere. The heating rate differences induce low level air temperature differences over East Asia, resulting in the differences of the land-sea thermal contrast （LSTC） which lead to 850 hPa geopotential height changes. When the 850 hPa geopotential height increases over the East Asian continent and decreases over the coast of East China and the adjacent oceans during the weakening period of weakens consequently. On the contrary, the EASM enhances during the strengthening period of the LSTC.     

热带海表温度及北大西洋涛动与ENSO事件的相关分析

采用交叉小波变换方法分析了热带SST、NAO与ENSO事件之间的多时间尺度相关特征。结果表明,热带SST与ENSO事件在2～7年和30年以上尺度的周期振荡上存在着显著的同位相正相关,其中以4年尺度周期的方差贡献最大,时域中热带SST冷暖变化的时间与ENSO冷暖交替的时间一一对应;北大西洋SST与ENSO事件在4年和15年尺度周期振荡上表现为方差贡献较大的正相关;NAO与ENSO事件相关较弱,在2～7年和10～24年尺度上表现为负相关,而25年以上尺度为正相关,时域中NAO强弱变化与ENSO冷暖交替的对应关系并不完全一致。     

A seismic refraction study of cretaceous oceanic lithosphere in the Northwest Pacific Basin

A seismic refraction study on old (110 Myr) lithosphere in the northwest Pacific Basin has placed constraints on crustal and uppermantle seismic structure of old oceanic lithosphere, and lithospheric aging processes. No significant lateral variation in structure other than azimuthally anisotropic mantle velocities was found, allowing the application of powerful amplitude modeling techniques. The anisotropy observed is in an opposite sense to that expected, suggesting the tectonic setting of the area may be more complex than originally thought. Upper crustal velocities are generally larger than for younger crust, supporting current theories of decreased porosity with crustal aging. However, there is no evidence for significant thickening of the oceanic crust with age, nor is there any evidence of a lower crustal layer of high or low velocity relative to the velocity of the rest of Layer 3. The compressional and shear wave velocities rule out a large component of serpentinization of mantle materials. The only evidence for a basal crustal layer of olivine gabbro cumulates is a 1.5 km thick Moho transition zone. In the slow direction of anisotropy, upper mantle velocities increase from 8.0 km s^-1 to 8.35 km s^-1 in the upper 15 km below the Moho. This increase is inconsistent with an homogeneous upper mantle and suggests that compositinal or phase changes occur near the Moho.     

海洋环境因子对澳洲鲐亲体补充量关系的影响——基于贝叶斯模型平均法的研究

澳洲鲐（Scomber australasicus）是西北太平洋重要的中上层经济鱼类,生命周期相对较短,资源量受补充量影响明显,了解澳洲鲐太平洋群系补充量状况对掌握其资源量及确保其可持续利用具有重要的意义。本文利用产卵场1（30°~32°N,130°~132°E）海表面温度（sea surface temperature,SST1）、产卵场2（34°~35°N,138°~141°E）海表面温度（SST2）、索饵场（35°~45°N,140°~160°E）海表面温度（SST3）、潮位差（tidal range,TR）、太平洋年代际涛动（Pacific decadal oscillation,PDO）和亲体量（spawning stock biomass,SSB）6个影响因子任意组合与补充量构建多个模型,运用贝叶斯模型平均法（Bayesian model averaging,BMA）分析各个环境因子对资源补充量的解释能力,并预测其补充量的变化。结果表明,SSB对补充量具有最长期且稳定的解释能力,其次是SST3,PDO、TR、SST2、SST1也对补充量模型具有一定的解释能力。SST3是环境因子中影响最大的因子,可能是由于补充群体在索饵场内生活时间较长,索饵场温度对仔鱼或鱼卵的生长存活有较大的影响。研究认为,基于BMA的组合预报综合考虑了各个模型的优势,优于单一模型,可用于澳洲鲐资源补充量的预测。     

中西太平洋金枪鱼延绳钓渔获组成及其多样性分析

根据2009年6～11月金枪鱼延绳钓观察员海上采集的数据,对中西太平洋S2°05′～S7°51′,W159°48′～W168°10′海域的延绳钓渔获物组成进行了分析.126个站点(钩次)的种类组成分析表明,该作业区域的渔获物有鱼类35种,隶属于9目22科30属;鲸类2种,隶属于1目2科2属;龟鳖类1种.反映种类组成多样...     

东太平洋中国开辟区沉积物中热水活动的矿物学及地球化学证据

通过对东太平洋多金属结核中国开辟区表层沉积物和短柱状沉积物的系统观察和分析，首次根据矿物学和地球化学两方面的证据，发现中国开辟区沉积物中热水活动及其产物的存在。X射线衍射分析表明，沉积物样品中普遍含有重晶石，部分样品中含量高达10％以上，扫描电镜观察发现，重晶石均为完整自形晶，并与同为自形的石英及钠长石共生。根据本区重晶石的地质背景及结晶形态，可以认为它的形成环境与加利福尼亚湾瓜伊马斯盆地（Guaymas)相似，属热水成因，伴生的石英和钠长石亦为常见的热水矿物，。这一共生组合的形成温度不低于70℃。地球化学研究发现，在柱状沉积物剖面上，Ba的垂向分布有两种类型，一种为平稳型，在一定深度范围内无明显变化。另一种为跃升型，并伴有其他活泼组分的同步变化，跃升型可视为热水活动在沉积历史上的记录，迄今为止，热水矿物组合主要见于东区的表层沉积物，而在西区，Ba在沉积物中的富集主要见于10cm以下层位，根据沉积速率推算，在中国开辟区西区的热水化活动记录比东区至少早0．1Ma。     

MIS6期以来热带西太平洋降雨与ITCZ的关系

通过Ontong-Java海台KX97322-4孔沉积物中浮游有孔虫表层种Globigerinoides ruber的Mg/Ca海表温度(SST)并结合其 δ18O得到过去约200ka B.P. 以来当地水文(盐度和降雨)指标,结果表明从MIS 6期以来,热带太平洋暖池区温度变化存在明显的冰期-间冰期波动,降温幅度超过3℃.通过与赤道东太平洋对比表明热带太平洋在过去冰消期和冰期中的升温阶段呈现出类 El Niño 的状态,向两极输送水汽和热量.在冰消期,热带太平洋纬向温度梯度降低,全球升温,全球冰量下降.在冰期中升温阶段(MIS 6)热带太平洋纬向温度梯度降低时全球冰量却持续增加,可能此时输送热量不足以使两极冰川融化,带来的水汽又促进了两极冰川的形成.通过与中国石笋记录和热带降雨记录对比,表明热带太平洋纬向温度梯度的变化与热带辐合带(ITCZ)的移动密切相关,并且影响到东亚夏季风的降雨状况,热带太平洋类ENSO过程可能对ITCZ的变化存在内部系统调谐的作用.     

河套华北地区旱涝的前期环流异常与大西洋海温的关系及其数值模拟

首先分析了河套华北地区旱涝的前期异常环流，然后探讨了这种异常环流形成的机制，最后采用了ＯＳＵ－ＡＧＣＭ作了大西洋地区热源异常强迫的数值试验。结果表明，大西洋地区海温异常强迫激发的定常波向上、下游的能量传播，造成的前期秋冬季环流异常与河套华北地区的夏季旱涝有较好的对应关系。     

Age model, physical properties and paleoceanographic implications of the middle Pleistocene core sediments in the Choshi area, central Japan

Abstract   A continuous, well-preserved core was obtained from the Choshi area, on the Pacific side of Japan, to investigate paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic changes around the northwestern Pacific region during the middle Pleistocene. Siliciclastic sequences in the core are divided into five formations – the Obama, Yokone, Kurahashi and Toyosato Formations in the Inubo Group and the Katori Formation, in ascending order. Examination of calcareous nannofossils and magnetic polarities detected four datums in the core sediments of the Inubo Group: the top of Reticulofenestra asanoi , the base of Helicosphaera inversa , the top of Pseudoemiliania lacunosa and the Brunhes–Matuyama boundary. Fourteen marine isotope stages (MIS24–MIS11) were identified in the δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C records based on detected datums and the graphic correlation with the standard stack oxygen isotope curve. Magnetic susceptibility and gamma-ray attenuation porosity evaluator density were also measured and low values characterize the glacial intervals. Biogenic sedimentation by primary production may be larger during the glacial periods because of invasions of nutrient-rich northern surface-waters related to the southward shift of the Kuroshio front in the Choshi area.