ADS100数字航摄系统的安装与调试

ADS100数字航空摄影测量系统是目前最新一代的数字航空摄影测量系统,具有航摄效率高、数据信息量丰富、系统性能稳定、内部集成高精度IMU系统等一系列优势。该系统设计精密、构造复杂,其安装和调试是确保航摄顺利进行的前提条件和基本保障。本文结合大量的航摄生产经验,总结出ADS100航摄系统安装和调试的方法和注意事项,具有较强的参考价值。     

基于PixelGrid及ADS100新型航摄仪的1∶2000DOM生产

数字正射影像图大规模的制作与应用是基础测绘发展的基本要求,现已为数字城市、不动产登记基础数据建设等提供有力的信息支持和保障。随着航空遥感技术的快速发展,推扫式影像的应用因其优势而发展迅猛,ADS100推扫式大幅面影像数据的生产,减少了人工干预,降低了工作量,提高了生产效率。本文结合湖南省不动产统一登记基础数据建设项目,总结了ADS100推扫式影像正射影像图的生产工艺及质量控制。该方法已经在生产实践中得到了验证,既能够保证产品精度又能够提高生产效率,对推动不动产统一登记基础数据建设具有一定的借鉴意义。     

100Ma来海水的锶同位素组成演化及主要控制因素

讨论了100 Ma以来海水锶同位素比值的变化趋势及控制因素。100~40 Ma期间,海水锶同位素比值有多次升降,总体上变化幅度较小;40 Ma以来,海水锶同位素比值显著增加,并呈现出单调上升的总体特征。100 Ma以来海水锶同位素的变化主要可能与星外物体对地球的撞击作用;全球海平面变化及洋中脊扩张速度的改变;喜马拉雅—青藏高原的隆升;玄武岩喷发和冰川作用因素有关。在各种因素中,喜马拉雅—青藏高原的隆升对40 Ma以来海水锶同位素演化具有最重要的控制作用。喜马拉雅—青藏高原的隆升可能始于40 Ma左右,隆升速度最快的时期在20~15 Ma。     

Near-infrared spectroscopy of the circumnuclear star formation regions in M100: evidence for sequential triggering

We present low-resolution ( R ∼450) K -band spectroscopy for 16 of the 43 circumnuclear star-forming knots in M100 identified by Ryder & Knapen. We compare our measurements of equivalent widths for the Br γ emission line and CO 2.29-μm absorption band in each knot with the predictions of starburst models from the literature, and derive ages and burst parameters for the knots. The majority of these knots are best explained by the result of short, localized bursts of star formation between 8 and 10 Myr ago. By examining both radial and azimuthal trends in the age distribution, we present a case for sequential triggering of star formation, most likely resulting from the action of a large-scale shock. In an appendix, we draw attention to the fact that the growth in the CO spectroscopic index with decreasing temperature in supergiant stars is not as regular as is commonly assumed.     

五水合五硼酸钠溶解热测定及其热力学性质

不同形态硼酸盐焓、熵、吉布斯自由能等热力学参数极为缺乏,其准确测定对丰富和发展盐湖硼酸盐化学理论至关重要。采用微量热计测定了五水合五硼酸钠(NaB₅O₈·5H₂O)溶解热。根据设计的热化学循环和热力学基本公式,获得了NaB₅O₈·5H₂O在298.15 K下标准生成焓(△H^θ_f,NaB₅O₈·5H₂O,-5189.4820kJ·ml^-1)、标准生成熵(△S^θ_f,NaB₅O₈·5H₂O,701.2728J·mol^-1·K^-1)、标准生成吉布斯自由能(△G^θ_f,NaB₅O₈·5H₂O,-5398.566.kJ·mol^-1)等等热力学参数。这些基础热力学参数的获得对丰富无机盐热力学数据和促进盐湖资源综合利用具有重要意义。     

Preconcentration of trace multi-elements in water samples using Dowex 50W-x8 and Chelex-100 resins prior to their determination using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)

This work presents a solid phase extraction (SPE) method for simultaneous preconcentration of trace elements in water samples prior to their ICP-OES determination. Dowex 50W-x8 and Chelex-100 resins were used as SPE sorbent materials for preconcentration of trace Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn. The optimum sample pH, eluent concentration and sample flow rates were found to 6, 3.0 mol L⁻¹ and 3.0 mL min⁻¹, respectively. In terms of multi-element preconcentration capabilities, Dowex 50W-x8 appeared to be a better sorbent. The recoveries for all the tested analytes were >95%. However, Chelex-100 showed a better performance in terms of recovery (>95%) towards Cu, Fe and Zn. Under optimized conditions using Dowex 50W-x8, the relative standard deviations for different metals were <3%. The limits of detection and limits of quantification ranged from 0.01–0.39 μg L⁻¹ and 0.05–0.1.3 μg L⁻¹, respectively. The accuracy of the preconcentration method was confirmed by spike recovery test and the analysis of certified reference materials. The SPE method was applied for preconcentration of the analyte ions in tap water, bottled water and wastewater samples.     

近百年湖北省湖泊演变特征研究

利用20世纪初以来的地图、历史文献资料和1986～2005年期间7年不同时相的TM影像数据,采用遥感和地理信息系统技术和方法,分析近百年湖北省湖泊的时空演变特征。研究结果表明:①近100多年来,湖北省湖泊演化可以分为4个阶段,并且具有明显的地域差异性。②20世纪初期,湖北省湖泊面积约为26000km2,到2005年为3025.6km2,仅为百年前的11.64%;近百年来绝大部分湖泊面积都在缩小,部分湖泊因围垦或其他原因已完全消失或变为它用,部分湖泊形态发生了较大变化;人类活动是湖北省湖泊百年变迁的主导因素。③20世纪下半叶湖北省湖泊变化迅速,湖北省湖泊面积由50年代的约8503.7km2波动减小至80年代的约2977.3km2,发生在60～80年代的围垦是造成湖泊萎缩的主要原因;从90年代开始,因重视湖泊保护和退田还湖,使湖泊萎缩的态势得到遏制,局部湖泊面积有所恢复。     

Prediction of China＇s Submerged Coastal Areas by Sea Level Rise due to Climate Change

Based on the simulation with the Ocean-Atmosphere Coupled Model CCSM and Ocean Model POP under the green- house gas emission scenario of the IPCC SRES A2 （IPCC, 2001）, and on the earth crust subsidence and glacier melting data, the relative sea level change is obtained along the coast of China in the 21 st century. Using the SRTM elevation data the submergence of coastal low land is calculated under the extreme water level with a 100-year retum period. The total flooding areas are 98.3× 10^3 and 104.9× 10^3 km2 for 2050 and 2080, respectively. For the three regions most vulnerable to extreme sea level rise, i.e., the coast of Bohai Bay, the Yangtze River Delta together with neighboring Jiangsu Province and northern Zhejiang Province, and the Pearl River Delta, the flooded areas are 5.0× 10^3, 64.1×10^3 and 15.3 × 10^3 km2 in 2050 and 5.2 × 10^3, 67.8×10^3 and 17.2 × 10^3 km2 in 2080, respectively.     

全球变暖在继续

基于全球和中国的观测资料指出,无论全球还是中国,2001-2010年都是有仪器观测记录以来最暖的10年。虽然这10年内的温度上升趋势很弱,但并不意味着气候变暖已经停止。分季节来看,近10年（2001-2010年）冬季中国东北及新疆的气温低于前10年（1991-2000年）。然而,这种区域性和季节性的温度下降并没有影响全国、全年保持变暖的趋势。