2013 年夏秋季黄、渤海悬浮颗粒物粒径分布特征

悬浮颗粒物及粒径是水质重要参数,研究其分布特征有助于加深对海洋生态环境的了解。利用2013年6月和2013年11月LISST-100观测数据,研究了黄、渤海区域悬浮物粒径和浓度的分布情况,浓度分布整体上近岸高远岸低,粒径分布呈现近岸细远岸粗的特征,季节分布特征明显。通过典型断面分析发现,悬浮物粒径和浓度随着水深变化明显,连续站数据分析结果表明,大风对底层颗粒物的再悬浮作用显著,潮流对悬浮物的时空分布有着重要影响;水体衰减系数随着体积浓度变化明显。此外,还研究了悬浮颗粒物粒径Junge分布在黄、渤海区域的适用性。     

Evaluation of GEV model for frequency analysis of annual maximum water levels in the coast of United States

The three-parameter generalized-extreme-value (GEV) model has been recommended by FEMA [FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency of the United States), 2004. Final Draft Guidelines for Coastal Flood Hazard Analysis and Mapping for the Pacific Coast of the United States. http://www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=2188] for frequency analysis of annual maximum water levels in the Pacific coast of the United States. Yet, the GEV model's performance in other coastal areas still needs to be evaluated. The GEV model combines three types of probability distributions into one expression. The probability distributions can be defined by one of the three parameters of the GEV model. In this study, annual maximum water levels at nine water-level stations with long history data (more than 70 years) were chosen for analysis in five coastal areas: Pacific, Northeast Atlantic, East Atlantic, Southeast Atlantic, and Gulf of Mexico coasts. Parameters of the GEV model are estimated by the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method. Results indicate that probability distributions are characterized by the GEV Type III model at stations in the Pacific, Northeast, and East Atlantic coastal areas, while they are described by GEV Type II in stations of the Southeast Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coastal areas. GEV model predictions of extreme water levels show good correlation to observations with correlation coefficients of 0.89 to 0.99. For predictions of 10% annual maximum water levels, the GEV model predictions are very good with errors equal to or less than 5% for all nine stations. Comparison of observations and GEV model estimations of annual maximum water levels for the longest recorded return periods, close to 100 years, revealed errors equal to or less than 5% for stations in the Pacific and Northeast Atlantic coastal areas. However, the errors range from 10% to 28% for other stations located in the East and Southeast Atlantic coasts as well as Gulf of Mexico coastal areas. Findings from this study suggest caution regarding the magnitudes of errors in applying the GEV model to the East and Southeast Atlantic coasts and Gulf of Mexico coast for estimating 100-year annual maximum water levels for coastal flood analysis.     

第27届国际大地测量与地球物理学术会议及地震学和地球物理学领域进展

第27届国际大地测量与地球物理学术会议暨庆祝国际大地测量与地球物理联合会成立100周年活动于2019年7月8～18日在加拿大蒙特利尔召开。会议举办了各学科研讨会、联合研讨会和交叉学科研讨会,有关专家阐述了在地震学和地球物理学领域的关于地球深部结构探测、地外行星探测、地震预警等方面的研究进展,并开展了改选理事会、颁发奖励、评选会士等一系列活动。     

IHOS-100中概念模式语言的应用

国际海道测量组织已经开发了新的海道测量数据地理空间标准S-100,新标准采用了与现在使用中的标准S-57有较大区别的建模方式。从概念、数据定义、表现方式等方面,对S-100中使用的概念模式语言——统一建模语言作了简单探讨,并对其在我国未来数字海图生产与信息标准化中的应用前景做出展望与建议。     

Quartz and orthopyroxene exsolution lamellae in clinopyroxene and the metamorphic P–T path of Belomorian eclogites

The Shirokaya Salma eclogite‐bearing complex is located in the Archean–Palaeoproterozoic Belomorian Province (Russia). Its eclogites and eclogitic rocks show multiple clinopyroxene breakdown textures, characterized by quartz–amphibole, orthopyroxene and plagioclase lamellae. Representative samples, a fresh eclogite, two partly retrograded eclogites, and a strongly retrograded eclogitic rock, were collected for this study. Two distinct mineral assemblages—(1) omphacite+garnet+quartz+rutile±amphibole and (2) clinopyroxene+garnet+amphibole+plagioclase+quartz+rutile+ilmenite±orthopyroxene—are described. Based on phase equilibria modelling, these assemblages correspond to the eclogite and granulite facies metamorphism that occurred at 16–18 kbar, 750–800°C and 11–15 kbar, 820–850°C, respectively. The quartz–amphibole lamellae in clinopyroxene formed during retrogression with water ingress, but do not imply UHP metamorphism. The superfine orthopyroxene lamellae developed due to breakdown of an antecedent clinopyroxene (omphacite) during retrogression that was triggered by decompression from the peak of metamorphism, while the coarser orthopyroxene grains and rods formed afterwards. The P–T path reconstructed for the Shirokaya Salma eclogites is comparable to that of the adjacent 1.9 Ga Uzkaya Salma eclogite (Belomorian Province), and those of several other Palaeoproterozoic high‐grade metamorphic terranes worldwide, facts allowing us to debate the exact timing of eclogite facies metamorphism in the Belomorian Province.     

IHO S-100地理信息注册器的结构与管理

S-100支持基于ISO19135地理信息项注册程序标准构成的注册器,S-100注册器使得海道测量数据具有更强的交互性.介绍了S-100地理信息注册器和注册集的结构和管理角色,以及其管理操作责任和程序.     

利用ADS100影像进行航空摄影测量的实践

以"葫芦岛测区基础测绘项目"为例,阐述了ADS100数字航空摄影测量系统在空中三角测量、DEM制作、DOM制作和立体测图等生产过程中的应用,并通过精度统计验证了该方法的可行性,实践证明:ADS100数字航空摄影测量系统在投入实际生产中,能确保航摄质量、提高航摄效率、保证数据处理精度。     

非离子表面活性剂对两相系统毛细压力和饱和度关系的影响

表面活性剂至水相的引入将对原先包含纯水两相系统的毛细压力和饱和度关系存在影响.对含有非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100的水-气和水-油两相系统中的毛细压力-饱和度关系曲线进行了试验测定.试验结果表明,同不含表面活性剂的纯水系列相比,在同一饱和度情况下,含有表面活性剂的Triton X-100(0.1%)系列对应的毛细压力水头值都有不同程度的减小,说明在Triton X-100存在的情况下,驱替出同样数量的湿润相体积所需的毛细压力值较小.以van Genuchten关系式为基础的拟合结果表明,在已知纯水系列毛细压力饱和度关系的情况下,对于Triton X-100-气系统的毛细压力饱和度关系,考虑界面张力降低作用引入折算系数得到的拟合值更接近于真实值;而对于Triton X-100-油系统拟合值接近真实值的程度则随多孔介质的不同而有所不同.     

冬奥会复杂山地百米尺度10m风速预报的机器学习订正对比试验

本文以传统机器学习算法XGBoost和深度学习算法CU-Net为基础,针对北京快速更新无缝隙融合与集成预报系统（RISE系统）预报的北京冬奥会延庆及张家口赛区100米分辨率的冬季近地面10 m风速数据,进行每日逐小时起报的未来逐6小时间隔的冬奥高山站点及其周边地区风速预报偏差订正方法研究和对比分析。对于站点订正,首先将RISE系统预测的10 m风速插值到对应的自动气象站站点,然后根据风速等级表归类,针对每个分类单独构建XGBoost模型,每个区间模型合并后形成L-XGBoost,使用均方根误差和预报准确率作为评分标准,结果表明风速归类的L-XGBoost算法订正效果比不归类的原始XGBoost模型有一定提升,说明在传统机器学习中加入归类方法有助于改善复杂山地站点风速预报技巧。对于站点及其周边地区风速订正,本文在CUNet模型基础上,通过引入不同深度的CU-Net子网络,构建了新的算法模型CU-Net++,并考虑了预报日变化误差和复杂地形对10 m风速的影响,以自动气象站为中心构建空间小区域样本数据,对RISE系统风速预报偏差进行订正。试验结果表明,CU-Net和CU-Net++均可以充...