数值实验论证台湾暖流和对马暖流的关系

台湾暖流和对马暖流均为沿中国东部海域大陆架的北向流。有学者认为存在"台湾-对马暖流流系"。现有的研究均未涉及台湾暖流和对马暖流在该系统中各自的动力作用。本文作者发现在该系统中对马暖流扮演更为重要的角色。借助一个三维斜压模式,作者设计了几组数值实验来讨论台湾暖流和对马暖流之间的动力学机制。结果显示台湾暖流对对马暖流几乎没有影响,而对马暖流却对台湾暖流存在重要影响。尽管对马暖流位于"下游区",通过"源-汇"驱动作用,其可以诱生约0.5×106m3/s的台湾暖流水。作者认为,能量通过地形波传导理论可能为这一动力学机制的合理解释。     

Nutrients in an oligotrophic boundary current: Evidence of a new role for the Leeuwin Current

New observations along the continental shelf of Western Australia provide a novel explanation for the established ∼60 years relationship between Leeuwin Current (LC) strength and greater winter nitrate concentrations at 32°S plus the inter-annual variation in the magnitude of the annual, shelf-scale, phytoplankton bloom. The potential source of dissolved nitrogen to support the annual shelf scale phytoplankton bloom was identified as thin layers of an unprecedented areal extent, nitrate concentration and shallow nature that were observed off the northwest of Australia. We propose that the dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in these layers enters the LC at depth and then enters the euphotic zone via by three mechanisms: instability that results in a warm core eddy, cooling that deepens the surface mixed layer and shallowing of the thin layer. During the onset of the annual phytoplankton bloom along the west coast of Australia from 22°S to 34°S the poleward flowing LC was clearly evident as a surface intensified ocean boundary current transporting warmer, lower-salinity, greater-silicate waters in a shallow mixed layer rapidly southward. Between 24 and 26°S the core of the LC was present as a 50–100 m deep layer over one or more thin layers, 15–50 m thick, with high nitrate and low dissolved oxygen (DO). These layers were of lower salinity, cooler water with markedly reduced DO, high nitrate concentrations and distinct nitrate:silicate (NO₃:Si(OH)₄) nutrient ratios. As the LC flowed south it cooled and deepened thereby entraining the thin layers of high nitrate water into the euphotic zone. The LC also formed large (greater than 100 km diameter) warm core eddies with a deep surface mixed layer that also entrained nitrate from these thin layers. In some locations as far south as 32°S the LC was still present with the thin layer of high nitrate intact but now within the euphotic zone. Thus, the available evidence suggests the LC arises under conditions that favour rapid and shallow nitrification. This nitrification fuels a shelf-scale bloom on a downwelling favourable coast. Depending upon the rate of nitrification the source of the particular organic matter may be local or delivered from the tropics via horizontal advection in a subsurface layer of the LC.     

Application of finite volume coastal ocean model to hindcasting the wind-induced sea-level variation in Fukuoka bay

The wind-induced sea-level variations at Hakata tidal station in winter are reproduced realistically using a one-way nested model. This nested model is constructed with a structured finite-difference Princeton Ocean Model (POM) for the Tsushima-Korea Straits, and an unstructured Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM) for Fukuoka Bay divided into triangular-cell grids. The correlation coefficient and root-mean-square error between observed and modeled results are 0.742 and 1.88 [cm], respectively. Moreover, the results show that the nested model with FVCOM is more accurate than the model in which FVCOM is replaced with a high-resolution POM for Fukuoka Bay. This indicates that the nested model constructed with structured and unstructured models works effectively in hindcasting the wind-induced sea-level variations.     

A coupled ice-ocean model for the Bohai Sea Ⅰ. Study on model and parameter

According to the earlier international studies on the coupled ice-ocean model and the hydrology, meteorology, and ice features in the Bohai Sea, a coupled ice-ocean model is developed based on the National Marine Environment Forecast Center‘ s (NMEFC) numerical forecasting ice model of the Bohai Sea and the Princeton ocean model (POM). In the coupled model, the transfer of momentum and heat between ocean and ice is two-way, and the change of ice thickness and concentration depends on heat budget not only at the surface and bottom of ice, but also at the surface of open water between ices. The dynamic and thermodynamic coupling process is expatiated emphatically. Some thermodynamic parameters are discussed as well.     

聚甲醛污水处理技术总结

作者阐述了聚甲醛污水的水质特点,提出了聚甲醛污水工程的设计要点,介绍了两个聚甲醛污水工程实例,并对已实施的工程进行了总结。     

Characterization of the particulate organic matter in the Loire Estuary (France) using ETS activity measurements

The major problems encountered in studying estuarine particulate organic matter (POM) are the characterization and quantitation of different kinds of materials (e.g. detrital and living matter, algal and bacterial matter…) each type contributing a specific role in the ecosystem. The study of the activity of the electron transport system (ETS) is proposed as a tool for resolving these problems. Results obtained in our laboratory with cultures of planktonic algae and bacteria provided us with numerical relationships between ETS activity and various organic components such as chlorophyll, carbon and protein. These relationships were: ETS activity/chlorophyll = 2.6, carbon/ETS activity = 17.3, protein/ETS activity = 9.6 in algae; carbon/ETS activity = 5.9, protein/ETS activity = 7.7 in bacteria (ETS activity expressed in /i₂h⁻¹ at 20°C; chlorophyll, carbon and protein in μg). Such data can be applied in field studies to characterize the living algal and bacterial matter and, by difference, the detrital organic matter. We report here a study of the Loire estuary as an example.     

黄海绿潮应急溯源数值模拟初步研究

基于三维全动力POM海洋模式,根据2008年6月1日海监飞机监测绿潮所在位置,采用拉格朗日粒子追踪法反向积分,追溯绿潮来源。数值模拟结果显示,回溯至5月中旬,绿潮主要来源于黄海南部江苏连云港和盐城近海海域。黄海绿潮溯源数值模拟,为政府相关部门了解绿潮的源头,并采取相应的措施提供依据,进而为保护生态环境、防灾减灾做贡献。     

Organic and inorganic matter in Louisiana coastal waters: Vermilion, Atchafalaya, Terrebonne, Barataria, and Mississippi regions

Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) spectral absorption, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, and the particulate fraction of inorganic (PIM) and organic matter (POM) were measured in Louisiana coastal waters at Vermilion, Atchafalaya, Terrebonne, Barataria, and Mississippi River locations, in 2007-2008. The range of CDOM was 0.092 m⁻¹ at Barataria in June 2008 to 11.225 m⁻¹ at Mississippi in February 2008. An indicator of organic matter quality was predicted by the spectral slope of absorption coefficients from 350 to 412 nm which was between 0.0087 m⁻¹ at Mississippi in May 2008 and 0.0261 m⁻¹ at Barataria in June 2008. CDOM was the dominant component of light attenuation at Terrebonne and Barataria. Detritus and CDOM were the primary components of light attenuation at Vermilion, Atchafalaya, and Mississippi. DOC ranged between 65 and 1235 μM. PIM ranged between 1.1 and 426.3 mg L⁻¹ and POM was between 0.3 and 49.6 mg L⁻¹.     

东中国海浪流相互作用对水位和波高影响的数值研究

通过修改风应力和底摩擦应力的计算方式并引入波致辐射应力,以POM(Princeton Ocean Model)和SWAN(Simulating Waves Nearshore)模式为基础构建了浪流相互作用耦合模式,对1994年14号台风过程下的东中国海波流相互作用对水位和波高的影响进行了模拟研究.结果表明:浪流相互作用引起的水位变化主要出现在近岸浅水区.与岸边站点实测水位的对比显示,耦合后的结果相比非耦合结果更接近观测值,特别是在极值水位处.流的存在显著地影响有效波高的计算结果.在黄海海域,流对有效渡高的增减在极值处大于0.2 m.在台湾岛东北海域黑潮流系附近,流对有效波高的增加最大可达1.6 m.上述结果对改善近岸风暴潮和海浪预报具有指导意义.