梅雨锋强暴雨中低层系统物理图象研究I：特大暴雨的雨团活 …

通过对１９９８年７月典型特大暴雨过程的分析,揭示了湖北省境内两类重复出现的地表流型的结构特征、演变过程及其与中尺度雨团活动的相互联系。建立了具有明显地理特征的梅雨锋强暴雨过程中地面流型与中尺度雨团活动相互联系的物理图象。     

Total deformation and its role in heavy precipitation events associated with deformation-dominant flow patterns

In this paper, it is elucidated that the total deformation （TD）, defined as the square root of the sum of squared stretching deformation and squared shearing deformation, is an invariant independent of the coordinate system used. An idealized flow field is then constructed to demonstrate the confluence effect of a non-divergent and irrotational deformation field on moisture transport. To explore the characteristics and role of TD, one heavy rainfall case that occurred in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River （MRYR） over China, associated with a front with shear line, is analyzed using the Weather Research and Forecasting （WRF） model output data. It is found that right before the occurrence of precipitation, the effect of the confluence induced by deformation on moisture transport provides a favorable condition for precipitation. During the precipitation, both location and orientation of the zone of large TD coincide with the confluent shear line. The rainhands are nearly parallel with, and located lightly to the south of the zones of large TD and the confluent shear line. The TD in the lower troposphere increases in value as precipitation persists. When TD approaches its maximal value, the next 6-hour precipitation reaches its peak correspondingly. A tendency equation for TD is derived. The analysis of linear correlation and RMS difference between individual terms in the total deformation equation and the sum of the terms shows that the pressure gradient plays a major role in determining the local change of total deformation.     

大洋东侧遥相关波列与青岛冬季气温

利用１９５１～１９９６年的历史资料,逐月计算北半球５个主要遥相关型的波列指数及与大气中ＰＮＡ结构相类似的北太平洋海温场的ＰＴＩ指数,进而对１～２月份青岛市冬季的月平均气温进行相关普查。计算表明,两大洋东侧的遥相关结构和波型,对来年青岛市冬季１～２月份气温有比较好的指示意义：５月份太平洋东侧的ＰＮＡ型结构（ＰＴＩ指数）与来年１月青岛市平均气温呈同向相关,７月份大西洋东侧的ＥＡ型波列指数与来年２月青岛市平均气温呈反向相关。     

夏季欧亚中高纬持续流型特征Ⅱ:年代际变化和外源强迫

在“夏季欧亚中高纬持续流型特征Ⅰ：流型指数与持续流型”的基础上，分析了夏季欧亚中高纬流型指数的年代际变化特征．讨论了流型指数年代际变化与我国降水年代际变化之间的联系，并初步探讨了加热场和海温异常的影响。结果表明：(1)夏季欧亚中高纬流型指数有明显的年代际变化．且与我国江淮流域、华北的降水分别有相反的相关关系；(2)外源强迫对夏季中高纬度持续环流及其年代际变化的作用是不可忽视的。     

中南半岛和华南地区极端降水时空特征

全球变暖使得极端降水事件的强度和频率均呈上升趋势，位于亚洲季风区的中南半岛和华南地区更易受到极端降水影响而发生洪涝灾害。本文利用逐日降水资料对1951～2015年中南半岛和华南地区湿季（5～10月）的极端降水事件进行客观分类，并对每一类极端降水事件的大尺度流型特征及年际、年代际和长期趋势特征进行了分析。结果表明：（1）根据降水中心位置，中南半岛和华南地区的极端降水可客观分为华南类、中南半岛类、缅甸—云南类和华南南部—越南北部类，它们所联系的大尺度流型以中高纬波列和热带偶极子环流为主。其中，华南类的大尺度流型在对流层高层为类似于东亚—太平洋（East Asia–Pacific，简称EAP）遥相关型的“+-+”经向型波列，但中心位置较典型EAP型偏西南，中东部的负异常环流为关键系统，低层为位于低纬度地区的“+-”经向型波列。中南半岛类大尺度流型为热带偶极子异常环流，对流层低层较高层更为显著宽广。其余两类极端降水大尺度流型特征为在对流层高层受Rossby波列影响，低层主要为偏弱的热带偶极子异常环流。（2）中南半岛和华南地区极端降水的频次呈显著上升的趋势，主要来自于华南类和中南半岛类极端降水的...