Monitoring Mongolia Gobi dust transport using OMI data

The characteristics of long-distance dust transport from Asia to the United States over the Pacific Ocean are statistically analyzed using OMI AI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument Aerosol Index) data during 2005–2007. The results show that there is a high correlation of AI (the correlation coefficients are as high as 0.83 in March, 0.62 in April and 0.54 in May) between the Mongolia Gobi Desert and the west coast region of the United States (40°–50°N, 120°–130°W), indicating a strong source-receptor area relationship. Through calculating the lag correlation coefficient of the dust propagation time, we determined that the dust propagation time from the Mongolia Gobi Desert to the west coast of the United States is about 6–7 days at the 99% confidence level.     

INTEX-B NO2排放源在中国地区的应用与检验

将INTEX-B排放源应用到空气质量模型Model3-CMAQ中,对中国地区对流层NO₂的浓度分布进行了数值模拟,并与OMI卫星对流层NO₂资料进行了对比和验证。结果表明：将INTEX-B排放源应用到Model3-CMAQ模式,模拟的NO₂浓度在中国地区的分布、季节变化规律与卫星资料所得结果一致。敏感性试验表明,工业及电厂排放对NO₂的浓度贡献最大,而交通排放的贡献相对较小,两种排放均主要集中在京津、长江三角洲等经济发达地区。     

边界层臭氧浓度变化特征及相关因子分析

根据广州市城区麓湖、郊区花都测站的2004年污染物监测数据和气象资料,采用统计分析软件SPSS和Excel分析了广州市臭氧浓度的时间变化特征,包括臭氧浓度的年季变化、周变化及日变化特征,并分析了O3与污染物CO、NOx（NO和NO2）、SO2、PM10以及与气象条件之间的相关性。结果表明：广州市臭氧浓度一年出现2个峰值,分别为6月和10月并且郊区浓度大于城区;一周之中最大浓度出现在周末;O3日平均浓度与NOx、NO、CO、相对湿度负相关性较显著,与PM10和气温正相关性较显著;在气温较高、湿度较低的晴朗少云天气时,易造成广州市臭氧的高浓度。     

The High-Resolution Solar Reference Spectrum between 250 and 550 nm and its Application to Measurements with the Ozone Monitoring Instrument

We have constructed a new high resolution solar reference spectrum in the spectral range between 250 and 550 nm. The primary use of this spectrum is for the calibration of the Dutch – Finnish Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), but other applications are mentioned. The incentive for deriving a new high resolution solar reference spectrum is that available spectra do not meet our requirements on radiometric accuracy or spectral resolution. In this paper we explain the steps involved in constructing the new spectrum, based on available low and high resolution spectra and discuss the main sources of uncertainty. We compare the result with solar measurements obtained with the OMI as well as with other UV-VIS space-borne spectrometers with a similar spectral resolution. We obtain excellent agreement with the OMI measurements, which indicates that both the newly derived solar reference spectrum and our characterization of the OMI instrument are well understood. We also find good agreement with previously published low resolution spectra. The absolute intensity scale, wavelength calibration and representation of the strength of the Fraunhofer lines have been investigated and optimized to obtain the resulting high resolution solar reference spectrum.     

AIRS卫星温度和臭氧廓线在南极的验证分析

利用2008年中山站、Amundesen-Scott(SouthPole)站和Neumayer站为期一年的温度和臭氧探空数据,对AIRS第六版温度和臭氧垂直廓线产品在南极的精度进行了验证.结果表明,AIRS温度与探空温度总体上具有显著的一致性,其中对流层偏差最小(RMSe2℃),近地面温度由于受到下垫面影响偏差略大(RMSe～2℃),平流层偏差较大(2℃RMSe3℃),AIRS温度平均低于探空观测且受季节变化影响显著,秋冬季偏差整体上高于春夏季.AIRS臭氧反演精度在平流层(RMSe～25%)要优于对流层(RMSe～30%),RMSe最大值出现在UT-LS区域(可达40%)且在"臭氧洞"期间明显增大.AIRS产品精度在南极沿岸和内陆存在差异,由于南极地区探空资料较少且主要位于沿海,故在南极内陆地区进行探空观测对于提高卫星资料精度,改善该区域天气预报能力具有重大意义.     

2015—2018年海南省臭氧污染特征及其天气类型

根据2015—2018年海南省18个市县32个空气质量监测站O₃浓度资料,分析了区域性O₃污染（O₃-8h浓度超标市县≥3个）时空变化特征,并对造成O₃污染的天气系统进行主观分型。结果表明：2015—2018年海南省共有40 d发生了区域性O₃污染,发生概率为2.73%。其中2015年和2017年达到了13 d,发生概率为3.56%,2018年为11 d（3.01%）,2016年仅为3 d（0.82%）。发生区域性O₃污染主要有4种天气类型：冷空气偏西下型、冷空气偏东下型、变暖高压脊型和热带系统型。其中冷空气偏西下型是最主要的天气类型,共出现了14 d,占所有天数的35%,且污染较重。不同天气类型下海南省O₃污染表现出不同的分布特征。500 hPa有下沉气流、低层受东北风控制,有相对湿度低值区从中国东部向海南省延伸,地面位于冷高压底部或热带气旋西北侧,温度露点差在5 ℃以上等条件均有利于海南省区域性O₃污染天气出现。     

Identification and Apportionment of Sources of Ozone‐forming Potential for Proper Reduction Strategies

In this study, results of source identification and apportionment for ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from a previous work were used to estimate ozone‐forming potentials (OFPs) of effective sources for developing proper strategies for reduction of tropospheric ozone pollution. The source identification and apportionment of ambient VOC pollution within Yildiz Technical University's Davutpasa Campus (Istanbul, Turkey) was done by positive matrix factorization (PMF). The results suggested five effective source groups with the emissions related with paint use and solvent use having the highest contributions (36.8 and 28.2%). The results from PMF were used along with maximum incremental reactivities to estimate potentials of individual sources for ozone formation. It was found that biogenic emissions (3.78) and traffic related emissions (gasoline and diesel vehicle exhaust) (3.83 and 3.15, respectively) have the highest potential for ozone formation in terms of grams O₃/g VOC emitted. The results were used to suggest proper source‐based reduction strategies for OFP.     

The Seasonal Variations of Aerosols over East Asia as Jointly Inferred from MODIS and OMI

Data on aerosol optical thickness(AOT) and single scattering albedo(SSA) derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer(MODIS) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument(OMI) measurements,respectively,are used jointly to examine the seasonal variations of aerosols over East Asia.The seasonal signals of the total AOT are well defined and nearly similar over the land and over the ocean.These findings indicate a natural cycle of aerosols that originate primarily from natural emissions. In contrast,the small-sized aerosols represented by the fine-mode AOT,which are primarily generated over the land by human activities,do not have evident seasonalscale fluctuations.A persistent maximum of aerosol loadings centered over the Sichuan basin is associated with considerable amounts of fine-mode aerosols throughout the year.Most regions exhibit a general spring maximum. During the summer,however,the aerosol loadings are the most marked over north central China.This occurrence may result from anthropogenic fine particles,such as sulfate and nitrate.Four typical regions were selected to perform a covariation analysis of the monthly gridded AOT and SSA.Over southwestern and southeastern China,if the aerosol loadings are small to moderate they are composed primarily of the highly absorptive aerosols. However,more substantial aerosol loadings probably represent less-absorptive aerosols.The opposite covariation pattern occurring over the coastal-adjacent oceans suggests that the polluted oceanic atmosphere is closely correlated with the windward terrestrial aerosols.North central China is strongly affected by dust aerosols that show moderate absorption.This finding may explain the lower variability in the SSA that accompanies increasing aerosol loadings in this region.     

QBO Signal in total ozone over Tibet

1. IntroductionOzone is one of the trace gases in the atmosphere distributed in 10--50 km altitude withthe maximum in 20--28 km. Ozone is significant in the following three aspects impacting theclimate and environment: 1) Ozone absorbs harmful solar ultra--violet radiation for protecting the ecological system on the Earth; 2) ozone heats the stratosphere and forces the circulation systems in this layer; 3) ozone variation in the stratosphere can change the incomingradiation at the surface leve…