Influence of long‐period filter cut‐off on elastic spectral displacements

The effect of the long‐period filter cut‐off, T_c, on elastic spectral displacements is investigated using a strong ground‐motion database from Europe and the Middle East. The relation between the filter and oscillator responses is considered to observe the influence of T_c for both analogue and digital records, and the variations with site classification, magnitude, filter order and viscous damping. Robust statistics are derived using the re‐processed European data to generalize the effects of the long‐period filter cut‐off on maximum oscillator deformation demands as a function of these seismological and structural features. Statistics with a 95% confidence interval are derived to suggest usable period ranges for spectral displacement computations as a function of T_c. The results indicate that the maximum period at which spectral displacements can be confidently calculated depend strongly on the site class, magnitude and filter order. The period range where reliable long‐period information can be extracted from digital accelerograms is twice that of analogue records. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Conceptual model about the interaction between El Ni(n)o/ Southern Oscillation and Quasi-Biennial Oscillation in far west equatorial Pacific

Interaction between the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation in far west equatorial Pacific (QBOWP) and the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is studied using a new conceptual model. In this conceptual model, the QBOWP effects on ENSO are achieved through two ways: (1) the oceanic Kelvin wave along equatorial Pacific, and (2) the Atmospheric Walker Circulation anomaly, while ENSO effects on QBOWP can be accomplished by the atmospheric Walker Circulation anomaly. Diagnosis analysis of the model results shows that the Atmospheric bridge (Walker circulation) plays a more important role in interaction between the ENSO and QBOWP than the oceanic bridge (oceanic Kelvin wave along equatorial Pacific); It is found that by the interaction of the ENSO and QBOWP, a free ENSO oscillation with 3-5 years period could be substituted by a oscillation with the quasi-biennial period, and the dominant period of SST anomaly and wind anomaly in the far west equatorial Pacific tends to be prolonged with enhanced ENSO forcing. Generally, the multi-period variability in the coupled Atmosphere-Ocean System in the Tropical Pacific can be achieved through the interaction between ENSO and QBOWP.     

陕西秦巴地区"十五"期间矿产勘查主要进展评述

陕西秦巴地区“十五”期间矿产勘查主要进展为:对陕西省主要成矿区(带)和成矿系列进行了统一划分,扬子地台北缘震旦系铅锌矿的勘查取得重大突破,南秦岭志留系铅锌矿的勘查取得重大成果,金、铜、铀、钒等种矿有重要发现,提交了一批铅、锌、金、铜、钒、锑等资源量,地球化学普查圈出一批有找矿价值的异常,物探在有色金属找矿中发挥了重要作用。     

梅雨期中国东部降水的时空变化及其与大气环流、海温的关系

利用1961～2000年中国台站降水资料、 NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及扩展重建海平面温度 (Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperatures, ERSST) 资料, 采用EOF、小波变换、合成及相关方法探讨中国东部梅雨期降水的时空变化及其环流、水汽输送和海温异常特征.分析指出中国东部梅雨期 (6月11日～7月10日) 降水存在三种主要空间型: 江南北部多雨型、长江流域多雨型和江淮平原多雨型.三种降水型都存在多时间尺度特征, 由于年际和年代际振荡的周期和强度随时间的变化有不同表现, 三种雨型旱涝年出现的年份有所不同.三种雨型对应的东亚夏季风环流各子系统的强度、位置、水汽输送等也存在明显差异.梅雨期三种雨型与冬季海温的研究表明:赤道东太平洋海温偏高有利于出现江南北部降水型; 赤道印度洋、南海和西太平洋黑潮海温偏高有利于出现长江流域降水型; 北太平洋中纬度海温偏高则有利于出现江淮平原降水型.     

A tectonic stress map of China and adjacent regions from earthquakes occurred during 2000～2004

Earthquake focal mechanism solutions provide the basic information about the present-day regional tectonics stress distribution, which controls the activities of crustal faults. Therefore, continued efforts for updating the da-tabase of earthquake focal mechanism solutions are quite valuable and important. The international lithosphere program initiated the ″world stress map project″ (Zoback, 1992) since 1980′s. During this project, worldwide studies and measurements of present-day regional…     

Earthquake catalogues and modelling strategies. A new testing procedure for the comparison between competing models

In this paper we consider the procedures that, on the basis of an earthquake catalogue, yield the magnitude distribution function F _M (F _M generators). In particular, our attention is focused on the F _M generators that are currently used in the frame of the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis at a site. From an engineering point of view, the behaviour of F _M in the range of strong earthquakes is of crucial importance. On the other hand, in general, the statistical validation of F _M in that range is not feasible because of an insufficient number of strong earthquakes in available catalogues.Our investigation is limited to the problem of the comparison between competing F _M generators. We show that a simple empirical F _M generator (called the CFP generator) can be more reliable than generators based on mathematical models. The numerical experiments that support this statement regards two test-sites and two mathematical models of magnitude distribution, namely the truncated-exponential and the characteristic-type models.The main conclusion is the suggestion of a test (called the CFP-test) that can be summarized as follows. Let X be a site for which, with current criteria, a specific F _M ^X generator based on a mathematical model has been selected. At this point, following the comparison approach described in the paper, the F _M ^X generator is compared with the empirical CFP generator. It can happen (actually it happens in many of our numerical experiments) that this test indicates the CFP generator as more reliable than the selected F _M ^X generator.     

本站剖面图资料与前汛期降水的探讨

通过统计分析1991～2005年剖面图资料，发现某些气象要素的特殊变化、一些图形的出现或转换与前汛期降水关系密切，特别是对大雨以上降水预报有一定的帮助作用。     

Characteristics of near-fault ground motion containing velocity pulses

There are many reports about the research on near-fault velocity pulses, which focus on the generation of velocity pulse and simplify the velocity pulse so as to be used in the seismic design of structure, However few researches have put emphasis on the characteristics of near-fault ground motions containing velocity pulses, especially the characteristics relevant with the design response spectrum prescribed by the code. Through collection of a large number of near-fault records containing velocity pulses, the response spectra and the characteristic periods of records containing no pulses are compared with those of records containing pulses. Response spectra of near-fault records are compared with standard spectra given by code; furthermore, the response spectra and the characteristic periods of each earthquake are compared with that given by code. The result shows that at long periods （longer than 1.5 s）, the response spectrum of pulse-containing records is bigger than the response spectrum of no-pulse-containing records; when the characteristic period of near-fault records is calculated, the method that does not fix frequency is more reasonable because the T1 and T2 have a lagging tendency; regardless of the site Ⅰ and site Ⅱ, the characteristic period of pulse-containing records is over twice bigger than the characteristic period given by the code,     

甘肃北山小草湖超单元地质特征

小草湖超单元是北山地区最晚一期的花岗侵入岩体，从早到晚依次可划分为花岗闪长岩单元，斑状二长花岗岩单元，黑云母二长花岗岩单元，含白云母二长花岗岩单元共4个单元。侵入于石炭纪扫子山组和华力西中晚期四顶黑山序列及印支早期马鞍山北超单元中，形成时代为晚三叠纪，属印支晚期花岗质侵入岩体。各单元间为脉动型侵入接触关系。岩石化学成分及地球化学特征显示具“S”型花岗岩的特征，形成于板块同碰撞期到碰撞后期的造山环境。     

尹犁盆地南缘中下侏罗统第Ⅴ、Ⅶ旋叵铀成矿差异因素分析

伊犁盆地是我国砂岩型铀矿的主要产地之一，截止目前已提交了3个可地浸砂岩型铀矿．矿体主要赋存在中下侏罗统水西沟群（J1-2sh）的第Ⅰ-Ⅱ旋回、Ⅴ旋回及Ⅶ旋回等3个旋回的砂岩中，提交了可供开采的铀资源量万余吨,就目前已探明或发现的铀矿床（点）赋矿层位来看，第Ⅰ-Ⅱ旋回铀矿体仅分布在伊犁盆地南缘西部地区，而第Ⅴ、Ⅶ两旋回的铀矿床（点）在盆地南缘中西段均有分布．从地质构造及地球化学环境等方面来看，第Ⅴ、Ⅶ两旋回铀成矿条件较为相似。但二者的铀矿床无论从规模、还是空间展布等方面都存在很大的差异性．基于此，本文从铀源、岩性岩相、地质构造、地球化学环境、水文地质条件及层间氧化带等方面对铀成矿差异因素加以对比分析和讨论。