Application of FY-2C Cloud Drift Winds in a Mesoscale Numerical Model

Statistical tests and error analysis of cloud drift winds(CDWs) from the FY-2C satellite were made by using radiosonde observations.According to the error characteristics of the CDW,a bias correction using the thermal wind theory was applied in the data quality control.The CDW data were then assimilated into the GRAPES-meso model via the GRAPES-3DVar.A torrential rain event that occurred in northwestern China during 1-2 July 2005 was simulated.The results indicate that the CDW data were mainly distribute...     

独立参数降雹条件概率法识别雹云之探讨

利用江苏盐城和福建雷达回波资料，探空资料，天气实况，对独立参数降雹条件概率法识别雹云的应用范围，零度层高度对识别准确率的影响以及如何选取区分水平高的参数等问题进行了探讨，得出一些有意义的结论，有一定的实用价值。     

云和辐射 （II）:环流模式中的云和云辐射参数化

这一部分论述了在环流模式中应用的各种云参数化和云辐射参数化方案。云参数化分为云的诊断和预报二大类，云辐射参数化则包活云光学性质的参数化和云整体辐射性质（反射率、透过率、吸收率和发射率）的参数化。     

1991 年6月江淮持续暴雨的云系特征分析

通过对GMS静止卫星的红外数据处理，获得了1991年夏季江淮梅雨期暴雨大范围的平均云分布。对1991年6月6次江淮暴雨过程逐时和3小时的GMS红外云图动画和照片的分析，得到了该地区梅雨期暴雨的三种中低纬云系相互作用的云型演变模型图，并利用由卫星气象中心处理的NOAA卫星的TOVS水汽反演资料，结合低层的θse和急流分析，给出了1991年6月江淮暴雨的水汽输送的一些特征。     

Model studies of the impact of chemical inhomogeneity on SO2 oxidation in warm stratiform clouds

A one-dimensional, time-dependent model of the physics and chemistry of a warm stratiform cloud is used to study the possible impact of chemical inhomogeneity among cloud and raindrops on the oxidation of SO₂ in clouds. The effects of chemical inhomogeneity are examined using two contrasting models: In Model 1 a bulk-solution parameterization is adopted which effectively treats all cloud and raindrops as if they are chemically homogeneous; in Model 2 we allow the cloud and raindrops to have a dichotomous distribution. The dichotomous distribution in Model 2 is simulated by assuming that the two groups of cloud droplets nucleate from two chemically distinct populations of condensation nuclei; one being acidic and the other being alkaline. While the two models yield essentially identical results when the ambient levels of H₂O₂ are greater than the ambient levels of SO₂, the rate of conversion of SO₂ to sulfuric acid and the amount of sulfate removed in the precipitation can be significantly enhanced in Model 2 over that of Model 1 under conditions of oxidant limitation (i.e., H₂O₂ < SO₂). This enhancement is critically dependent upon the fraction of alkaline nuclei assumed to be present in Model 2 and arises from the rapid increase in the aqueous-phase reaction between O₃+S_IV at high pH. Our results suggest that cloud models which adopt a bulk-solution parameterization for cloud droplet chemistry, may underestimate the amount of in-cloud SO₂ oxidation under oxidant-limited conditions.     

局地强风暴云团与中尺度锋面波动

本文分析了1982—1988年2—5月份的41例与中尺度锋面波动相关联的局地强风暴云团的活动和演变特征，给出了其强盛期天气系统配置模式及其在天气尺度云系演变中的表现型式，最后对其移动做了一般性讨论。     

Deposition of trace substances via cloud interception on a coniferous forest at Kleiner Feldberg

A resistance model to calculate the deposition of cloud droplets on a coniferous forest and some improved parameterizations of the indispensable input parameters are described. The deposition model is adapted to the coniferous forest at the Kleiner Feldberg site and verified by the data of a drip water monitoring station below the forest canopy. The measurements of liqud water content, wind speed and trace substance compounds in cloud water of the Ground-based Cloud Experiment (GCE) at Kleiner Feldberg in 1990 are used to calculate the cloud water deposition fluxes and the deposition of trace substances via cloud water interception. The calculated deposition of trace substances via cloud water interceptions is three to six times higher than via rain during the experiment. On a long term data basis the yearly amount of cloud water deposition is 180 mm year^–1 at Kleiner Feldberg site (840 m a.s.l.) while the precipitation amount is 1030 mm year^–1. Due to higher trace substance concentrations in cloud water compared to rain the ionic deposition via cloud water interception and via precipitation were assessed to be of comparable magnitude.     

高原东部地区一次雹云成雹过程的数值模拟

本文利用一维半时变双参数积云模式，对高原东部地区一次西风槽影响下的冰雹天气过程进行了数值模拟。讨论了该雹云内的动力、热力特点以及过冷云滴、冰晶、霰、雹的产生和转化以及降水粒子碰并增长等物理过程。对高原雹云的成雹机制作了初步探讨     

利用GMS－4红外云图资料定量测量淮河流域汛期降水

提出和介绍了利用ＧＭＳ－４红外云图资料定量测量淮河流域汛期降水的ＣＴ－ＴＲＣ（ｃｌｏｕｄｔｏｐｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｒａｉｎｆｕｌｌｃｕｒｖｅ，云顶温度－降水量曲线）方法及实现步骤，并结合个例进行了分析。