基于速度场模型的区域CGCS2000坐标实时转换

从WGS84到CGCS2000的坐标转换,涉及坐标框架转换和历元转换两个问题.如何提高大区域坐标转换精度,是一直以来的研究热点,针对大区域坐标转换精度较低的问题,考虑历元转换,提出融合速度场改正信息的坐标转换方法.该方法对建立速度场改正模型进行了研究,分析比较了各模型的精度和可靠性,在此基础上选择一种模型用于实现CGC...     

濮阳小震集中区地震重定位及发震构造分析

利用濮阳周边数字地震台网近十年的震相观测报告数据及3级以上地震事件的波形记录,基于人工地震宽角反射/折射剖面的速度模型,采用Hypo2000地震定位法对研究区内1级以上287次地震事件进行绝对定位.同时,以Hypo2000绝对定位结果为初始位置,对濮城镇附近约25 km范围内的153个一级以上地震进行双差相对定位,获得...     

2000年下半年全球地震活动

2000年下半年全球共发生Mw≥6．5地震27次，其中23次为浅源地震，深源地震4次。发生Mw≥7．0地震5次，最大震级达Mw8．0。11月16日和17日，在俾斯麦群岛和所罗门群岛交界地区，发生了3次Mw≥7．8地震。2000年，全球地震活动处于1976年以来的较高水平。     

GNSS控制网坐标移动转换的三次曲面拟合法

针对2000国家大地坐标到海南独立坐标系需要保密参数的局限性,该文利用三次曲面拟合坐标移动转换法进行2000国家大地坐标系到海南独立坐标转换,解决了在没有海南独立坐标系参数的情况下无法进行坐标转换的困扰,确保参数保密性。测试比较结果表明,三次曲面拟合法移动坐标转换法能够提高坐标转换精度。     

基于CGCS2000地心独立坐标系基准确定方法探讨

国家坐标系的独立坐标系建立后,原国家坐标系的控制点不能直接应用于独立坐标系中,需要确定并计算得出独立坐标系的基准。独立坐标系的基准确定直接关系到独立坐标系的精度及其与国家坐标系间的转换。随着测绘技术的发展,一些原有的传统基准确定方法已不能满足高精度地心坐标系的要求,因此本文对地心坐标系的独立坐标系的基准确定方法进行了探讨。     

Classification of vegetation in an open landscape using full-waveform airborne laser scanner data

Airborne laser scanning (ALS) is increasingly being used for the mapping of vegetation, although the focus so far has been on woody vegetation, and ALS data have only rarely been used for the classification of grassland vegetation. In this study, we classified the vegetation of an open alkali landscape, characterized by two Natura 2000 habitat types: Pannonic salt steppes and salt marshes and Pannonic loess steppic grasslands. We generated 18 variables from an ALS dataset collected in the growing (leaf-on) season. Elevation is a key factor determining the patterns of vegetation types in the landscape, and hence 3 additional variables were based on a digital terrain model (DTM) generated from an ALS dataset collected in the dormant (leaf-off) season. We classified the vegetation into 24 classes based on these 21 variables, at a pixel size of 1 m. Two groups of variables with and without the DTM-based variables were used in a Random Forest classifier, to estimate the influence of elevation, on the accuracy of the classification. The resulting classes at Level 4, based on associations, were aggregated at three levels — Level 3 (11 classes), Level 2 (8 classes) and Level 1 (5 classes) — based on species pool, site conditions and structure, and the accuracies were assessed. The classes were also aggregated based on Natura 2000 habitat types to assess the accuracy of the classification, and its usefulness for the monitoring of habitat quality. The vegetation could be classified into dry grasslands, wetlands, weeds, woody species and man-made features, at Level 1, with an accuracy of 0.79 (Cohen’s kappa coefficient, κ). The accuracies at Levels 2–4 and the classification based on the Natura 2000 habitat types were κ: 0.76, 0.61, 0.51 and 0.69, respectively. Levels 1 and 2 provide suitable information for nature conservationists and land managers, while Levels 3 and 4 are especially useful for ecologists, geologists and soil scientists as they provide high resolution data on species distribution, vegetation patterns, soil properties and on their correlations. Including the DTM-based variables increased the accuracy (κ) from 0.73 to 0.79 for Level 1. These findings show that the structural and spectral attributes of ALS echoes can be used for the classification of open landscapes, especially those where vegetation is influenced by elevation, such as coastal salt marshes, sand dunes, karst or alluvial areas; in these cases, ALS has a distinct advantage over other remotely sensed data.     

天文经纬度归心实用算式推证

文中分析天文经纬度归心公式中各变量的特点,推导基于2000国家大地坐标系统简单实用的归心计算公式,进一步给出由已确定变量推求归心元素测量精度的数学关系式。验证实用公式计算的归心改正数满足专用工程天文经纬度的计算精度需求。     

Equilibrium trading of climate and weather risk and numerical simulation in a Markovian framework

We consider financial markets with agents exposed to external sources of risk caused, for example, by short-term climate events such as the South Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies widely known by the name El Nino. Since such risks cannot be hedged through investments on the capital market alone, we face a typical example of an incomplete financial market. In order to make this risk tradable, we use a financial market model in which an additional insurance asset provides another possibility of investment besides the usual capital market. Given one of the many possible market prices of risk, each agent can maximize his individual exponential utility from his income obtained from trading in the capital market, the additional security, and his risk-exposure function. Under the equilibrium market-clearing condition for the insurance security the market price of risk is uniquely determined by a backward stochastic differential equation. We translate these stochastic equations via the Feynman–Kac formalism into semi-linear parabolic partial differential equations. Numerical schemes are available by which these semilinear pde can be simulated. We choose two simple qualitatively interesting models to describe sea surface temperature, and with an ENSO risk exposed fisher and farmer and a climate risk neutral bank three model agents with simple risk exposure functions. By simulating the expected appreciation price of risk trading, the optimal utility of the agents as a function of temperature, and their optimal investment into the risk trading security we obtain first insight into the dynamics of such a market in simple situations.

省级基础地理信息数据坐标转换软件设计与实现

介绍了数字线划图、数字高程模型、数字正射影像图、数字栅格地图由1980西安坐标系向2000国家大地坐标系的转换关键技术,阐述了省级基础地理信息数据坐标转换软件的设计原则、总体架构、主要功能及实现方法,对高效、快速将1980西安坐标系下的成果转到2000国家大地坐标系具有一定的指导作用。