庐枞火山喷流、潜火山气液叠加改造型铁硫矿床的定位控制

该类型矿床形成过程，主要可划分为火山喷流沉积和潜火山气液叠加改造两大成矿、蚀变期。从破火山口演化规律入手，分析研究了环形火山构造对矿床形成的制约作用。     

最近十年来中国北方农牧交错地区土地沙质荒漠化发展趋势的一例（丰宁北部及多伦南部）

荒漠化作为一个环境问题，在人为过度经济活动的干扰和脆弱自然因素影响下（如疏松的地面组成物质，气候的连续干旱多风或暴雨等），正在继续蔓延，其影响的范围日益加大，因而监测其发展趋势，掌握其动态变化的规律乃成为当前各国荒漠化研究的一项重要内容。作者等选择我国在生态上较脆弱、气候上较敏感的河北省北部丰宁县及内蒙东南的多伦等地进行沙质荒漠化发展趋势的研究，经过野外调查监测和室内大量资料的对比分析，认为我国北方农牧交错地区的土地荒漠化虽然在局部地区进行治理后已开始逆转，但总的趋势仍在继续发展。因此，荒漠化作为一个环境问题应引起各方面的重视，及时采取各种措施积极进行治理。     

闽北前加里东期变质基底的多期变形和构造层次研究

闽北前加里东期变质基底大致可以划分为三个构造层:下构造层下亚构造层的麻源群(古元古代)、下构造层上亚构造层马面山群(中元古代)和中构造层长汀浅变质岩系(新元古代—早古生代)。麻源群存在四个世代的变形,前两个世代以深构造层次共轴叠加的平卧褶皱为特征,后两个世代则发育浅构造层次的斜歪褶皱和膝折带构造。马面山群发育三个世代的构造变形,自早而晚分别为:深构造层次平卧褶皱、浅构造层次的紧闭相似褶皱及膝折带构造。长汀浅变质岩系除局部地段可能存在紧闭褶皱外,以膝折带构造及宽缓褶皱变形为主。     

闽北政和地区晋宁期变质岩系的构造变形特征

通过宏观和微观构造的详细研究表明,政和地区变质岩石共经历了四期构造变形作用。其中,前三期构造变形作用发生于晋宁期,第四期构造变形作用为后期加里东运动叠加的产物,四期构造变形作用所形成的构造形迹各不相同。变质岩石的区域性面理是第二期构造变形作用形成的轴面叶理,不代表原始沉积层理的产状。     

不同框架锚杆布置方式对加固边坡效果影响分析研究

俯斜式锚杆,因其设计相对简单,施工方便,国内外在进行边坡防护时,得到大规模应用,但从其受力特性来看,此种布置方式不能充分发挥锚杆抗拉强度大的这一特点。基于此,本文通过数值模拟的方法对比分析研究了仰斜式、平行式、俯斜式三种不同锚杆布置形式在防治边坡时的加固效果并得到如下结论:在相同的框架梁结构的情况下,就单从监测点的位移变化来看,仰斜式的布置方式要优于平行式布置方式和俯斜式布置方式,俯斜式布置方式为最不利布置方式。当采用仰斜式锚杆进行边坡加固时,锚杆轴力偏大,在锚杆抗拉能力允许的情况下,仰斜式锚杆可充分发挥锚杆的优点,但在实际工程中需适当增加锚杆锚固段长度。采用仰斜式布置形式时,坡面无明显滑动,框架梁基本处于低受力状态,边坡加固效果要明显优于平行式布置方式和俯斜式布置方式。     

Thermal evolution of the Northern Cordillera Volcanic Province: implication for heat flow in remnant back-arc regions

ABSTRACT

Active and remnant back-arc regions do not follow a typical conductive lithosphere cooling model, but instead have an apparent two-stage cooling, defined by a high heat flow back-arc region during subduction and a second post-subduction heating event that extends elevated heat flow for several 10s million years. Numerical one-stage cooling models have not reproduced observed heat flow anomalies in active subduction zones using physically realistic parameters and require a secondary post-subduction heating mechanism. Here, an extension driven-volcanism model is developed to examine extension driven heating and volcanism as a mechanism to produce a prolonged thermal anomaly within back-arc lithosphere. This model is tested using the recorded thermal evolution of the Northern Cordillera Volcanic Province (NCVP), a Neogene-Quaternary alkaline volcanic province located in the remnant back-arc region of the Pacific-North American subduction zone in British Columbia, Canada. A single steady-state lithosphere geotherm does not intersect all previously published temperature estimates, suggesting previous data record the thermal evolution of the NCVP. Calculated geotherms at equilibrium with the minimum and maximum MELTS temperatures predict an increase in reduced mantle heat flow (Q_m ) from 43 to 72 mW/m² and lithosphere thinning from a depth of 87 to 48 km. The newly developed extension-volcanism model reproduced the calculated pre- and post-volcanism thermal regimes for the NCVP and supports that extension within the remnant back-arc could produce the present heat flow anomaly and volcanism. The model most readily produces volcanism when Q_m is ~45–65 mW/m², a typical range for back-arcs. Back-arc regions are prime locations for limited volcanism because their warmer thermal regime minimizes tectonic stress requirements to produce volcanism. Additionally, two-stage cooling of back-arcs can be explained with a time-dependent extension-volcanism thermal feedback mechanism that is possible because of the subduction driven pre-heating of back-arc regions.     

无锡市鼋头渚景区岩质边坡崩塌形成机制及防治对策研究

崩塌地质灾害是苏南低山丘陵地区岩质边坡的主要工程地质问题之一。在对无锡鼋头渚景区沿湖景观路崩塌危岩体开展应急调查与测绘的基础上,文章对崩塌危岩体地质背景条件和灾害特征进行了描述,并采用赤平投影法对危岩体结构面组合特征进行了分析;在深入研究崩塌灾害形成原因与破坏模式后,提出采用危岩清除+钢筋混凝土肋柱锚固+挂网喷射混凝土护面+系统截排水+纳入群测群防应急体系的综合防治对策,为苏南丘陵地区同类型软硬互层岩质边坡崩塌灾害防治提供一定的科学依据和参考。     

Duration Magnitude Scale and Site Residuals for Northern Morocco

— The first empirical duration magnitude (M_D) formula is developed and tested for the Northern Morocco Seismic Network (NMSNET). This relationship is obtained by relating the IGN (Instituto Geografico National, Madrid) body-waves mbLg^IGN to the duration (), and the epicentral distance (), at 25 analogue stations of the NMSNET for 479 earthquakes with 2.5 mb 5.4, from March 1992 to February 2001. M_D estimates are significantly more precise while introducing a correction term for each of these stations, cSta_j. The magnitude for the i^th event (M_D)_i is the mean value of individual M_Dij=–0.14+1.63log₁₀(_ij)+0.031(_ij)+cSta_j. The cSta_j corrections reduce considerably the local site effects which influence the recorded durations and cause stations to either overestimate, or underestimate M_D up to 0.5 magnitude units. Average station M_D residuals (–cSta_j) are found to be independent of the distance from the epicenter to at least 10 degrees. It seems evident that regional geological features in the immediate behavior of stations have a systematic effect on the corresponding obtained residuals: older well-consolidated Precambrian crystalline rocks produce high negative residuals (shorter durations), younger unconsolidated sediments produce high positive residuals (longer durations), whereas, intermediate M_D site residuals appear to be the result of the effect of various factors, principally age and state of consolidation of the bedrock, combined with the local tectonic.     

Rock avalanches of the Ardon River valley at the southern foot of the Rocky Range,Northern Caucasus,North Osetia

Deposits of very large rock avalanches were identified at the southern foot of the Rocky Range of the Northern Caucasus. Cliffs facing the Ardon River are 1–1.5 km high and composed of Cretaceous and upper Jurassic, hard, crystaline limestone, underlain by softer, middle Jurassic shale, siltstone and sandstone flysh. The largest rock avalanche, at Karivhoh, is ~2×10⁹ m³ in volume, travelled more than 7 km, and covered about 18 km² with deposits up to 200–300 m thick. All rock-avalanche bodies are composed of intensively crushed debris overlain by a blocky carapace. Numerous subsequent landslides develop within these deposits, and pose a threat to villages built on them.     

Mode analysis of structures using the Fourier p-element method

The Fourier p-element method is an improvement to the finite element method, and is particularly suitable for vibration analysis due to the well-behaved Fourier series. In this paper, an iteration procedure is presented for solving the resulting nonlinear eigenvalue problem. Three types of Fourier version shape functions are constructed for analyzing the circular shaft torsional vibration, the plate in-plane vibration and annular plate flexural vibration modes, respectively.The numerical results show that this method can achieve higher accuracy and converge much faster than the FEM based on polynomial interpolation, especially for higher mode analysis.