随机海浪的列率谱分析研究

首次将列率谱分析的方法引入到随机海浪的研究。根据不同环境条件下实验室资料，对列率谱与频率谱进行了比较。结果表明，列率频对频率谱高频部分有明显改善，特别对二倍频含能段的分辨具有明显的优越性。另外，列率谱具有计算速度快、简单易行、分辨率高等优点。     

The effect of nonlinear damping and restoring in ship rolling

Many researchers have studied a wide range of nonlinear equations of motion describing a ship rolling in waves. In this study, a form of nonlinear equation governing the motion of a rolling ship subjected to synchronous beam waves is suggested and solved by the generalized Duffing's method in the frequency domain. Various representations of damping and restoring terms found in the literature are investigated and their solutions are analyzed by the above-mentioned method. Comparative results of nonlinear roll responses are obtained for four distinct vessel types at resonance conditions which constitute the worst situation. The results indicate the importance of roll damping and restoring, when constructing a nonlinear roll model. An inappropriate selection of damping and restoring terms may lead to serious discrepancies with reality, especially in peak roll amplitudes.     

Drag force on a circular cylinder in unseparated laminar high Reynolds number nonlinear random oscillatory flow

The stochastic properties of the drag force maxima on a circular cylinder subjected to nonlinear random waves are investigated. Unseparated laminar high Reynolds number flow is considered. A simplified approach based on second order Stokes waves is presented, including the sum-frequency effect only. It is demonstrated how a drag force formula valid for regular linear waves can be used to find the cumulative distribution function of individual drag force maxima for nonlinear irregular waves. Here the [Wang, 1968] drag force coefficient is used.     

潮汐性质相似性判断的两个指标及其应用

提出采用时差法的相关系数和最小二乘潮位拟合法的推算中误差,作为潮汐性质相似性强弱判断的两个量化指标。根据实测潮汐数据进行了有关计算,结果表明这两个指标可以用于潮汐性质相似性强弱的快速判断,另外推算中误差还可以用于验潮站潮位数据缺测时推算精度的检验,建议在沿岸海道测量水位改正作业中综合使用。     

Statistics of nonlinear wave crests and groups

Groups of large nonlinear waves with sharper higher crests can pose hazards to ships, induce harbor resonance and cause wave-overtopping of fixed and floating structures. Past interest in wave groups has mostly been focused on the statistics and modeling of linear wave groups. Studies on nonlinear wave groups are surprisingly few, and address deep water waves only. Here, statistics of nonlinear wave crests and wave-crest groups in deep and transitional water depths are considered, using an appropriate second-order representation for crest heights and the continuous wave-envelope approach. In particular, theoretical expressions describing the statistics of nonlinear wave crests and their groups are posed in the form of a simple second-order transformation of well-known results on linear waves. Predictions from the transformation so posed compare well with nonlinear wave data gathered in the North Sea, and demonstrate that nonlinearities do affect the statistics of large wave crests and their groups significantly.     

一种迭代法的圆曲线拟合方法

针对在实际测量工作中量测圆心坐标及半径时存在的问题,该文基于迭代法的思想,推导了一种圆曲线拟合的方法,并用实例数据进行了检验。结果显示,该方法在离散点均匀采集或非均匀采集的情况下均具有良好的拟合效果,与目前在圆曲线拟合方法中普遍采用的最小二乘法相比,具有同样高的拟合精度,验证了该拟合方法的正确性与可行性。     

Time-domain numerical and segmented ship model experimental analyses of hydroelastic responses of a large container ship in oblique regular waves

Real sea conditions are characterized by multidirectional sea waves. However, the prediction of hull load responses in oblique waves is a difficult problem due to numeral divergence. This paper focuses on the investigation of numerical and experimental methods of load responses of ultra-large vessels in oblique regular waves. A three dimensional nonlinear hydroelastic method is proposed. In order to numerically solve the divergence problem of time-domain motion equations in oblique waves, a proportional, integral and derivative (PID) autopilot model is applied. A tank model measurement methodology is used to conduct experiments for hydroelastic responses of a large container ship in oblique regular waves. To implement the tests, a segmented ship model and oblique wave testing system are designed and assembled. Then a series of tests corresponding to various wave headings are carried out to investigate the vibrational characteristics of the model. Finally, time-domain numerical simulations of the ship are carried out. The numerical analysis results by the presented method show good agreement with experimental results.     

基于多项式曲面拟合模型的高程转换方法及其结果分析

本文针对影响多项式高程转换精度的两个主要因素(拟合模型选择和拟合点选取),在分析不同阶次多项式表达特征的基础上,基于一次多项式拟合残差信息,提出了综合不同多项式曲面模型的GNSS高程转换方法,并通过实例验证了该方法的有效性。结果表明,利用一次多项式拟合残差空间分布信息反映的测区高程异常变化特征,作为二次多项式分区拟合区域划分或三次多项式拟合点选取的依据,进行高程拟合,可以将高程拟合精度从厘米级提高至毫米级。     

蒙古国植被物候特征及其对地理要素的响应

蒙古高原是中国重要的北方生态屏障。在全球气候变化的背景下,研究蒙古国植被物候变化特征对于认识蒙古国草地生态系统对气候变化的响应和促进区域畜牧业可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究利用非对称高斯拟合法对蒙古国2001—2019年MOD13Q1产品中的归一化植被指数（Normalized Differential Vegetation Index,NDVI）数据拟合,得到较为平滑的NDVI时间序列数据;基于TIMESAT平台,采用动态阈值法分析获得蒙古国连续19a植被物候数据。研究分析了蒙古国植被物候的空间分布及年际变化趋势,发现蒙古国植被返青期（Start of growing season,SOS）主要集中在110~150d,总体呈微弱推迟趋势,植被枯黄期（End of growing season,EOS）主要集中在270~310d,总体呈提前趋势,从而导致蒙古国生长季长度（Length of growing season,LOS）呈缩短趋势,且缩短时间最长可达2d以上。采用偏相关分析方法分析了植被物候对地形、降水、地表温度等地理要素的响应,表明蒙古国植被物候具有明显的空间异质性和海拔依赖性,不同植被物候对降水、地表温度（Land Surface Temperature,LST）的响应不同,SOS与日间LST呈显著正相关,EOS与夜间LST呈显著正相关,而LOS与年均降水呈显著负相关关系。     

岩石疲劳损伤模型的参数估计方法研究

岩石是一种非均质的复杂地质材料,其疲劳损伤演化具有明显的3阶段发展规律。倒S型非线性疲劳累积损伤模型可以很好地描述这一规律。应用倒S型模型开展损伤计算和疲劳寿命分析的先决条件是确定出不同应力水平下的模型参数,而运用Levenberg-Marquardt法进行倒S型曲线拟合的结果表明,不用任何优化方法而随意选取参数初始值时迭代收敛到最优解的概率很低。因此,提出运用有限组合法估算初始值,即在参数可行域中均匀布点,以这些点为起始点分别实施一次Levenberg-Marquardt优化计算,取残差平方和最小的一组参数作为第2次Levenberg-Marquardt拟合计算的初始值。试验结果表明,以有限组合法估算参数初始值,Levenberg-Marquardt迭代计算总能收敛到最优解。