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61.
Kenya experienced extraordinarily heavy rainfall between May 1997 and February 1998 due to the El-Nino weather phenomenon.
This period of about 10 months heavy rainfall caused widespread landslides and floods which were experienced in various parts
of the country. Normally mid-December to late March is the driest and hottest season in Kenya. However, during this period,
the season turned out to be the wettest with one of the heaviest precipitation events recorded in the country in the past
several decades. Research investigations have revealed that the landslides were a result of four major factors. The factors
included, geology and soils of the landslide prone areas, high relief, steep slopes with poor anchorage for slope stability,
continuous heavy precipitation which resulted into oversaturation of rocks and soils. The effects of the El-Nino-triggered
landslides in Kenya were enormous. Although statistical data about landslide destruction are not presently quantified, human
and animal fatalities and plant destruction were enormous. Fertile farmlands, roads, railway lines, bridges, telephone and
power lines were relocated and destroyed. Soil erosion which increased from higher surface runoff and surface exposure filled
rivers with sediments. The sediments were transported to the hydro-electricity producing dams which eventually became clogged
and power generation stopped. The national economic loss to the country is estimated at about US $ 1 billion and will take
a long time to recover.
Received: 7 April 1998 · Accepted: 2 March 1999 相似文献
62.
采用欧洲中心1982年12月、1983年4月、1984年10月和1985年4月的月平均纬向风场实际观测资料,作为非线性临界层模式的基本气流进行数值积分,得到:用1982年12月和1983年4月的基流模拟出的副高强、范围大、数目少,维持2 ̄3个单体,且向西移,东西振荡周期1-2个月。用1984年10月和1985年4月的基流模拟出的副高弱、范围小,成带状分布,数目多达4个单体,副高合并、分裂得较快,亦 相似文献
63.
广州气温与厄尔尼诺的多尺度相互联系 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过对广州气温距平和Nino 3、Nino 1+2区SSTA序列做小波变换,研究了广州气温变化与ENSO振荡过程之间的多尺度联系,发现它们都存在着强的十年际振荡。年际尺度的振荡为正相关,十年际风度为负相关。由于SSTA的十年际变率是由强厄尔尼诺事件的韵律产生的,因此;广州气温对强烈厄尔尼诺的响应性质上不同于对普通厄尔尼诺的响应. 相似文献
64.
系统分析了观测海温强迫9层大气环流模式的模拟资料,结果表明该大气环流模式能够对与ElNino、LaNina事件爆发有关的赤道太平洋异常纬向风和对流活动有很好的模拟;模拟中的东亚冬季风具有明显的年际变化特征,这种变化与观测结果有很好的一致性,而且进一步分析发现这种年际变化具有显著的2~7年的周期,即东亚冬季风异常与ENSO密切相关。 相似文献
65.
66.
FANG Mingqiang Ocean Remote Sensing Institute Ocean University of China Qingdao P.R.China 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(2)
By using monthly historical sea surface temperature (SST) data for the years from 1950 to 2000, the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) climatology and anomalies are studied in this paper. The analysis of WPWP centroid (WPWPC) movement anomalies and the Nino-3 region SST anomalies( SSTA) seems to reveal a close, linear relation between the zonal WPWPC and Nino-3 region SSTA, which suggests that a 9' anomaly of the zonal displacement from the climatological position of the WPWPC corresponds to about a 1 ℃ anomaly in the Nino-3 region area-mean SST. This study connects the WPWPC zonal displacement with the Nino-3 SSTA, and it may be helpful in better understanding the fact that the WPWP eastward extension is conducive to the Nino-3 region SST increase during an El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event. 相似文献
67.
On the basis of NOAA/CPC data of sea surface temperature anomaly in the Nino regions during Jan. 1950 - Dec. 2003, the wavelet power spectrum of SST were studied with significance and confidence testing at different scales in this paper. It shows that the SST are provided with multi-time scales structure nested one another, and vary on scales of 2 - 7 years, 8 - 20 years and >30 years. The most significant variation of the warm and cold episodes is in the 4-year band of period. The power, frequency structure and confidence of the same episode are different in different Nino regions. The intensity of oscillations is increasing at low frequency bands and decreasing at high frequency bands from east to west in the Nino regions, especially after 1970. 相似文献
68.
69.
厄尔尼诺事件的成因链 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
提出了厄尔尼诺事件成因链的概念.指出影响厄尔尼诺事件的物理因子都是层层相接、环环相扣的,它们组成了一个互相联系、互为因果的厄尔尼诺事件成因链.成因链上物理因子之间的反馈作用和消长作用,导致成因链上的各种成因理论都不能完全地自圆其说,因而也无法完全确定地用于厄尔尼诺事件预测.只有深入探讨反馈作用和消长作用,并综合分析物理因子的贡献率,才能提高厄尔尼诺事件预测的准确率.这为解决厄尔尼诺事件的成因问题提供了一种新的思路。 相似文献
70.
将1951~2004年期间的12次El Nino事件分为强、中等、较弱和弱4类,结果发现,强和较弱El Nino衰减进入La Nina,但是中等和弱El Nino衰减进入平常态.因此,El Nino的衰减结果与自身强度之间存在密切的非线性关系.进一步的研究表明,负异常信号自西太平洋向中东太平洋的东传主导了强El Nino事件向La Nina的转变过程,其具体动力过程类似于西太平洋振子理论.热带西北太平洋(WNP)大气异常反气旋在强El Nino位相转变中起核心作用,它的维持和缓慢东移是赤道东风异常维持和发展的原因,而后者通过激发Kelvin波导致了ENSO从El Nino向La Nina的转变. 相似文献