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排序方式: 共有392条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
381.
The different impacts of El Ni?o during peak phases with and without a positive Indian Ocean Dipole (P-IOD) on the Northwest Pacific circulation were studied. The authors focused on the Northwest Pacific circulation features in the mature phase of El Ni?o from September to February of the next year. Composite maps and simulations demonstrate that the atmospheric circulation under the impact of El Ni?o with and without P-IOD exhibits large differences in temporal evolution and intensity. In single El Ni?o (SE) years without a P-IOD, an anomalous low-level anticyclonic circulation around the Philippines (PSAC) is instigated by the single El Ni?o-induced Indonesian subsidence. However, during the years when El Ni?o and a P-IOD matured simultaneously, a much greater anomalous subsidence over the western Pacific and the Maritime Continent occurred. The PSAC tends to occur earlier, is much stronger and has a longer lifetime than that during SE. More importantly, the PSAC shows a characteristic of an eastward movement from the southern South China Sea (SCS) to the Philippine Sea. This characteristic does not appear during SE. These patterns imply that a positive IOD event tends to exert a prominent influence on the PSAC during El Ni?o events and there is a combined impact of El Ni?o and P-IOD on the development of the PSAC. 相似文献
382.
江淮梅雨的多尺度特征及其与厄尔尼诺和大气环流的联系 总被引:10,自引:4,他引:10
利用小波变换,分析了江淮流域夏季降水的多尺度特征和存在的周期,通过对Nino3区海温、西太平洋副高以及亚洲纬向环流指数的小波变换,分析了它们与江淮流域夏季降水的多尺度联系。结果表明,整个江淮流域的降水具有明显的年际和年代际变化特征,年际变化主要表现为3~4a、5~6a和7~8a的周期,年代际变化则表现为12~13a、l6~17a和27a的周期。南片和北片以及长江中游和下游之间所具有的特征是不尽相同的。相对于亚洲纬向环流指数而言,Nino3区海温对江淮流域降水的影响较为重要。Nino3区的海温与江淮流域降水的联系,在一些时段是同位相的,而在另一些时段是反位相的。 相似文献
383.
“拉马德雷”是一种高空气压流,亦称太平洋十年涛动,分别以“暖位相”和“冷位相”两种形式交替在太平洋上空出现,每种现象持续20年至30年。近100多年来“拉马德雷”已出现了两个完整的周期(见表1)。当“拉马德雷”现象以“暖位相”形式出现时,北美大陆附近海面的水温就会异常升高,而北太平洋洋面温度却异常下降。与此同时太平洋高空气流由美洲和亚洲两大陆向太平洋中央移动;低空气流正好相反,使中太平洋海面升高。当“拉马德雷”以“冷位相”形式出现时,情况正好相反。中太平洋海面反复升降导致地壳跷跷板运动,引发强烈的地震活动。 相似文献
384.
The role of halted "baroclinic modes" in the central equatorial Pacific is analyzed. It is found that dominant anomaly signals corresponding to "baroclinic modes" occur in the upper layer of the equatorial Pacific, in a two-and-a-half layer oceanic model, in assimilated results of a simple OGCM and in the ADCP observation of TAO. A second "baroclinic mode" is halted in the central equatorial Pacific corresponding to a positive SST anomaly while the first "baroclinic mode" propagates eastwards in the eastern equatorial Pacific. The role of the halted second "baroclinic mode" in the central equatorial Pacific is explained by a staged ocean-atmosphere interaction mechanism in the formation of El Nino: the westerly bursts in boreal winter over the western equatorial Pacific generate the halted second "baroclinic mode" in the central equatorial Pacific, leading to the increase of heat content and temperature in the upper layer of the central Pacific which induces the shift of convection from over the western equatorial Pacific to the central equatorial Pacific; another wider, westerly anomaly burst is induced over the western region of convection above the central equatorial Pacific and the westerly anomaly burst generates the first "baroclinic mode" propagating to the eastern equatorial Pacific, resulting in a warm event in the eastern equatorial Pacific. The mechanism presented in this paper reveals that the central equatorial Pacific is a key region in detecting the possibility of ENSO and, by analyzing TAO observation data of ocean currents and temperature in the central equatorial Pacific, in predicting the coming of an El Nino several months ahead. 相似文献
385.
In recent years, El Nino Modoki (pseudo-El Nino) has been distinguished as a unique large-scale ocean warming phenomenon happening in the central tropical Pacific that is quite different from the traditional El Nino. Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis is used to successfully separate El Nino and El Nino Modoki. The abilities of the NINO3 index, NINO3.4 index, NINO1+2 index and NINO4 index in characterizing the El Nino are explored in detail. It is suggested that the NINO3 index is comparatively optimal to monitor the El Nino among the four NINO indices, since other NINO indices either cannot well distinguish El Nino and El Nino Modoki signals or are easily disturbed by El Nino Modoki signals. Further, an improved El Nino Modoki index (IEMI) is introduced to better represent the El Nino Modoki that is captured by the second leading EOF mode of monthly tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA). The IEMI is an improvement of the El Nino Modoki index (EMI) through adjusting the inappropriate weight coefficients of the three boxes of EMI, and it effectively overcomes the lack of EMI in monitoring the two historical El Nino Modoki events and also avoids the possible risk of EMI in excluding the interference of El Nino signal, indicating the realistic and potential advantages. 相似文献
386.
The data analyses in the first part of this study have shown that the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in the eastern equatorial Pacific are significantly correlated with the preceding anomalous convergence of the meridional wind stress near the equator. In order to understand the dynamical role of the convergent meridional wind stress anomalies in the El Nino occurring, an ideal wind stress which converges about the equator is set up based on the observations revealed in the first part. A simple dynamical model of tropical ocean is used to study the response of the tropical ocean to the convergent meridional wind stress. The results show that the convergent wind stress in the eastern equatorial Pacific is favorable for the occurrence of El Nino. When the convergent wind stress exerts on the tropical ocean, the westward propagating Rossby wave is excited, which, on the one hand, makes the mixed layer near the equator become thicker. On the other hand, the westward oceanic currents associated with the Rossby wave appear in the vicinity of the equator. The oceanic currents can drive the upper layer sea water to transfer to the west, which is favorable for the sea water to pile up in the western equatorial Pacific and to accumulate energy for the upcoming warm event. 相似文献
387.
Interannual and Decadal Variability of Landfalling Tropical Cyclones in the Southeast Coastal States of the United States 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The interannual variability of the Atlantic tropical cyclone(TC)frequency is well known.Separately,recent studies have also suggested that a much longer,multidecadal(40-60 year)trend might be emerging from the recent increase in Atlantic TC activity.However,the overall structure of the intrinsic frequencies(or temporal modes)of Atlantic TC activity is not yet known.The focus of this study is to systematically analyze the intrinsic frequencies of Atlantic TC activity using hurricane and tropical storm landfall data collected along the southeast coast(SEC)of the United States.Based on an Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) analysis of the frequency of landfall TCs along the SEC from 188701999,we have found that Atlantic TC activity has four primary,temporal modes.The interannual and multidecadal modes reported in the published literature are two such modes.After identifying all primary modes,the relative importance of each mode and its physical cause can be analyzed.For example,the most energetic mode is the interannual mode(2-7 year period).This mode is known to be associated with the 2-7 year El Nino/La Nino cycle.The average number of annual landfalling TCs along the SEC decreased by 24% during El Nino years,but did not show significant increase during weak and moderate La Nina years.However,intense La Nina years were generally associated with more than average landfalling TCs along the SEC.The effects of El Nino and La Nina also became more significant when only hurricanes were considered.The significance of the effects of El Nino and La Nina on landfalling TCs and hurricanes in different US southeast coastal states showed significant differences. 相似文献
388.
389.
390.
中国沿岸海平面变化原因的探讨 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
对中国沿岸的月均海平面的变化原因进行了较为细致的分析,讨论了温、压、降水对中国沿岸海平面的影响。得出渤海是我国月均海平面变化最大的海区;黄海月均海面的变化仅次于渤海;东海更次;南海最小。出现极值的时间自北向南依次滞后。静压效应的影响也是自北而南逐渐变小。月均海面中除包含了8~9年及10多年的长周期变化外,14.0和18.0个月左右的周期对海平面有明显的影响,3年的周期不是一种沿岸传播的波动周期。ElNino对中国沿岸海平面起补偿平衡作用。黑潮的增强使中国沿岸海平面均有明显的抬升。 相似文献