论CILa/CISm—CILa图解

通过对分离结晶作用和批式熔融作用C_l^y/C_l^x-C_l^y图解的数学分析,笔者认为,虽然C_l^La/C_l^sm-C_l^La图解在一定程度上能区分这两种不同岩浆作用过程,但是,Treuil等的解释是不完全的。直线的斜率和截距还极大地受参数C_o^x,C_o^y,D_x,D_y的影响。该图解并非总是有效。本文还给出了一般式C_l^y/C_l^x-C_l^y在其它方面的可能应用。     

撞击事件诱发核反应热力学过程及其在事件地质学研究中的意义

摘要：从大规模撞击事件的基本动力学和热力学公式推导出发,讨论了白垩纪－第三纪界线（Ｋ／Ｔ界线）事件能量随时间的释放过程,并对发生热核聚变反应的条件进行了分析。最后,还对其可能的事件地质学意义进行了讨论．     

从来克丁物质与微生物相互作用看水产无脊椎动物对疾病的防御活动

本文从水产无脊椎动物与环境的关系论述其来克丁物质的功能;来克丁与微生物间的相互作用包括相互作用中有关来克丁、微生物种类,作用部位和作用物质等。从来克丁在水产无脊椎动物识别外来物质,包括抵御病原体的作用看,健康发展的水产业之一项关键任务便是认识和掌握来克丁在御防病害活动中的机理。     

Chemical alternation of waters in the Kuroshio/Oyashio Interfrontal Zone

An intensive survey has been conducted of the distributions of some chemical properties (dissolved oxygen, nutrients and carbonate properties) in the Kuroshio/Oyashio Interfrontal Zone. Many low-salinity water patches were found down to depths of 640 m. Each chemical property also showed anomalies in these patches, but the degree of variation showed a low correlation with salinity. This may be due to the high variability of biological processes in the surface waters where these patches are formed. Vertical profiles of the chemical properties were also observed along the Kuroshio extension axis from 140.50°E to 146.75°E. The concentrations of nutrients and total carbonate (TC) in the water having densities greater than σ_θ=26.60 can be regarded as being formed by the isopycnal mixing of the Kuroshio component water and Oyashio component water and biological degradation within the density surfaces. This implies that the transport of chemical properties by the diapycnal mixing is negligible in these density layers in the K/O zone.     

Short-term variabilities of upper ocean current in the warm pool region during TOGA/COARE IOP

Oceanic current data in the warm pool region of the western equatorial Pacific measured by upward-looking moored Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers at two equatorial sites (147°E and 154°E) and two off-equatorial sites (2°N and 2°S, 156°E) during TOGA/COARE Intensive Observing Period (IOP) from November 1992 to February 1993 are used to examine short-term variabilities in the upper layer above 160–240 m. In time series of the zonal and meridional currents in many layers, spectral peaks are found at periods around 2 days and 4 days in addition to high energies in a period range longer than 10 days. The signal with the period of about 2 days has significantly high energies at all sites, and its magnitude is higher for the meridional current than for the zonal one. This signal is especially active in the first half of IOP from November to December in 1992. In this period, the quasi-2-day signal in the current field is coherent between northern (2°N) and southern (2°S) stations, but it has no evident relationship with that in the surface wind field around the stations. The quasi-4-day signal with the period of about 4 days has highest energies in layers above 160 m at the southern station, and is coherent between northern and southern stations. Besides, the signal at the station of 2°S has a significantly high coherence with that in the wind at the southern station, suggesting that it is a local phenomenon.     

加卸载响应比的数值模拟

用数值模型来模拟和验证加卸载响应比（ＬＵＲＲＬｏａｄ／Ｕｎｌｏａｄ　ＲｅｓｐｏｎｓｅＲａｔｉｏ）理论．编制非均匀各向异性材料宏细观损伤破坏程序,模拟固体材料在损伤破坏时的加卸载过程,证实了加卸载响应比理论的正确性．结果表明,ＬＵＲＲ这一反映地球介质临近破坏的指标,也可以用来预测材料的破坏．同时讨论了一些参数（如均匀程度和脆性程序）对ＬＵＲＲ的影响,发现材料越呈脆性,或越均匀,ＬＵＲＲ值上升得越晚,曲线越陡．该结果对用ＬＵＲＲ指标预测地震具有一定启发．     

日食一厄尔尼诺系数及其应用

通过比较本世纪以来的厄尔尼诺年和日食资料,发现了高纬（包括极区）日食与厄尔尼诺年之间存在着一定的因果关系。通过定义年日食一厄尔厄诺系数Ｒ１和累积日食一厄尔尼诺系数Ｒ２后,可以发现当某年的Ｒ１≥９或Ｒ２≥１０．５级时,则当年必为厄尔尼诺年,反之亦然．本文还提出了日食诱发厄尔尼诺现象的热一动力机制,并预测２０００年将是一个强厄尔尼诺年．     

Geomagnetic paleosecular variation at Hawaii around 3 Ma from a sequence of 107 lava flows at Kaena Point (Oahu)

We have sampled a sequence of 107 lava flows in the Waianae series on Oahu, Hawaii, in two separate stretches. The first (51 flows) at Kaena Point extends from sea level to an altitude of 190 m, and the second (56 flows) follows the Satellite Tracking Station road from 218 m to 360 m above sea level. Thermal and af demagnetization yield very similar results, and reveal only normal polarities. K/Ar dating at five different horizons combined with the paleomagnetic results indicate that the sequence was emplaced entirely in the normal polarity interval between the Upper Mammoth and the Lower Kaena polarity transitions (3.22–3.11 Ma). Some of the flows are serially correlated. Filtering does not, however, drastically affect the final results. Inclinations are shallower than those expected from a centered dipole field. Although large (13°), the inclination anomaly is consistent with results from other sites at the same latitude. The scatter of the VGPs about the geographic pole is consistent with available data from other regions at similar latitudes. The scatter of the directions is also consistent with the predictions of recent statistical models of paleosecular variation. Therefore, these results do not support the hypothesis of a Pacific dipole window.     

A record of changing redox conditions in the northern Peru Basin during the Late Quaternary deduced from Mn/Fe and growth rate variations in two diagenetic manganese nodules

Two diagenetic manganese nodules from the Peru Basin were investigated by thermal ionization mass spectrometry and high resolution alpha spectrometry for uranium and thorium. The TIMS concentrations for nodule 62KD (63KG) vary as follows: 0.12–1.01 ppb (0.06–0.59) ²³⁰Th, 0.51–1.98 ppm (0.43–1.40) ²³²Th, 0.13–0.80 ppb (0.09–0.49) ²³⁴U, and 1.95–13.47 ppm (1.66–8.24) ²³⁸U. Both nodules have average growth rates of 110 mm per million years. However, from the variations of excess ²³⁰Th with depth we estimate partial accumulation rates which range from 50 to 400 mm per million years. The δ²³⁴U dating method cannot be applied due to remobilization of U from the sediment and subsequent incorporation into the nodules' crystal lattice, reflected by decay corrected δ²³⁴U values far above the ocean water value. Sections of fast nodule growth are related to those layers having high Mn/Fe ratios (up to 200) and higher densities. As a possible explanation we develop a scenario that describes similar glacial/interglacial trends in both nodules as a record of regional changes of sediment and/or deep water chemistry.     

A Comparison of Growth Biomarkers for Assessing Sublethal Effects of Cadmium on a Marine Gastropod, Nassarius festivus

The effect of cadmium on the growth of an intertidal marine gastropod, Nassarius festivus, was investigated using a number of biomarkers namely conventional measurements in terms of increase in shell length or body weight, scope for growth (SfG) and RNA/DNA ratio. After eight days of cadmium exposure, the no observable effect concentration (NOEC) and lowest observable effect concentration (LOEC) for the rate of increase in wet weight were 1.00 and 1.38 mg/l, respectively, while those for shell length did not show any significant difference from the control until day 16. After 16 days of cadmium exposure, the LOEC for both shell length and wet weight measurements was 0.22 mg/l. The 8-day SfG test was sensitive to cadmium stress, showing a significant decrease at 0.16 mg/l cadmium when compared to the control. The NOEC and LOEC of RNA/DNA ratio determination were 0.52 and 0.93 mg/l, respectively. An assessment based on sensitivity and technical complexity suggests that Scope for Growth is the most sensitive growth biomarker, followed by the RNA/DNA ratio, and then the conventional growth measurement based on shell size and body weight.