剪切作用对有机质光学各向异性体发育的控制

湘西泸阳县白沙镇西不远处发育一条含大量凝析油的超浅成脆韧性剪切带。该剪切带中发育了一种光学各向异性体,R_o,min=0.34-0.81%;R_o,med=1.01-1.84%;R_o,max=2.52-3.20%,最大双反射率可达87%。研究表明,光学各向异性椭球体的R_0,max轴的分布与S面理一致,表明了剪切应力对有机质光学各向异性的发育具有一定的影响和控制。      

Rare earth element (REE) geochemistry and genetic implications of the Morta? bauxite deposit (Seydi?ehir/Konya - Southern Turkey)

The Mediterranean-type karst-bauxite deposit of Morta?, south Turkey, placed unconformably between Cenomanian and Senonian shallow marine limestones is built of massive (MB), oolithic (OB), breccia-bearing (BB) and earthy (EB) bauxite horizons, from top to bottom. The MB layer is enriched in Al and REE (except Ce) due to loss of Si, Na, K, Mg and P. REE are accumulated in the BB but depleted in the EB layers. The ferruginous OB lost LREE and gained in HREE probable due to scavenging by authigenic heavy minerals like rutile, anatase and titanite. Total REE contents in the bauxite profile display an increasing trend from bottom to top, while negative and maximum positive Ce anomalies characterize the upper and the lower parts of the profile, respectively. This unusual REE behavior is explicable by assuming mobilization of Ce(IV) either under reducing condition or chemical complexation under alkaline conditions in the top layer and scavenging of Ce by Al-Mg hydrosilicates and Ti-oxides and/or precipitation with authigenic REE minerals, especially of the bastnäsite group near the bedrock limestones. Similarity in chondrite normalized-REE patterns of the Seydi?ehir phyllites, bauxite and terra rossa samples and the presence of tridymite (?) in bauxites makes a felsic source rock most likely and reveal a close genetic relationship between the Seydi?ehir phyllites and the recent terra rossa occurrences. The REE patterns of the bauxites resemble those of the Katrangedi?i limestone despite variations in ΣREE. Field observations and geochemical data together with mass-balance calculations suggest that the Morta? deposit was derived from the Seydi?ehir phyllites and argillic phase within the Katrangedi?i limestone which in turn have Precambrian (?) felsic, probably granitic precursors.     

洛阳铲钻探在菲律宾迪纳加特岛汇洋镍矿区快速评价中的应用

在菲律宾迪纳加特岛汇洋镍矿区第二期勘查中,采用以洛阳铲钻探为主、浅井为辅的勘探方式,取得了较好的勘查效果。洛阳铲钻探和浅井勘探的镍品位曲线具有相似的特征,可以互相印证;铁品位曲线具有相同的变化趋势。与浅钻勘探资料对比,洛阳铲的镍品位变化趋势与浅钻的结果非常相似。因此认为,用洛阳铲勘探品位变化小的风化壳型矿床的浅部是适宜的,如果将其与浅井、浅钻结合使用,将在风险勘查中独具优势。     

松花江流域水旱灾害发生规律及长期预报研究

以太阳活动为中心,以长期和超长期水文预报为目标,用数理统计分析方法,分析太阳黑子、埃尔尼诺事件(El Ni?o event)对松花江区域水文影响特征与其水、旱灾害发生的基本规律。揭示了“埃尔尼诺”和太阳活动11年周期的联系,把1810年～1991年间的太阳活动按强度划分为强弱两段,给出了强弱两段中事件产生不同水文影响的黑子数临界值,建立以黑子数为参数的“同年”水文计算的方程式。分析了1898年以来强弱两段中事件影响松花江流域发生水、旱灾害的规律性;用降水量为指标分析旱涝规律,揭示了降水量按磁周期时段呈丰、枯水周期性变化的规律。研究结果为长期水文预报提供了途径。     

三峡工程二期围堰运行期变形特性研究

基于土石坝分析的DuncanE-μ本构模型，研究了土石坝分析的3参量流变模型，并编制了围堰流变分析程序。根据三峡工程二期围堰运行前期的部分实测变形数据，反演分析了流变分析所需的计算参数。流变分析表明，三峡工程二期围堰结构的水平和垂直流变变形存在时间上的不同步性，垂直流变位移的稳定时间在堰体结构施工完成后的6个月左右，而水平流变位移的稳定时间只需要3个月。围堰结构的后期流变位移平均值是流变初期时位移的2～3倍。     

微生物碳酸盐岩分类、沉积环境与沉积模式

针对现有微生物碳酸盐岩分类不够系统、岩石类型及组合的环境意义不明确、岩相古地理重建缺乏微生物碳酸盐岩沉积模式指导等科学问题,通过塔里木盆地、四川盆地和鄂尔多斯盆地2个元古宇剖面和3个显生宇剖面详细的岩类学和岩石组合序列研究,取得3项成果与认识:①建立了构造尺度和形态特征相结合的系统的微生物碳酸盐岩分类方案.②明确了微生...     

饶阳凹陷沙一下亚段优质烃源岩地球化学特征及成藏贡献

为了研究饶阳凹陷沙一下亚段优质源岩的地球化学特征及其成藏贡献.基于有机碳、热解、生烃模拟实验评价源岩生烃潜力;基于源岩GC-MS实验和生烃潜力评价结果,描述源岩分子地球化学及有机相特征,利用多元数理统计方法,建立油-岩关系并定量计算原油中各源岩贡献率,总结了沙一下亚段成藏贡献规律.研究表明:沙一下亚段源岩的生烃潜力在凹...     

闽西南宣和加里东期花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及对华南造山的启示

龙岩宣和岩体是闽西南地区呈北东向弧形出露,最大的燕山期—加里东期复式岩体,但是有关该岩体的形成时代及成岩环境的认识仍存在分歧,进而制约了对闽西南地区构造环境的探讨.文章以出露于闽西南地区的宣和正长花岗岩为研究对象,在详细野外地质调查基础上,开展了岩石学、LA?ICP?MS锆石U?Pb地质年代学、岩石地球化学及Sr?Nd...     

Phylogeography of the rocky intertidal periwinkle Echinolittorina paytensis through a biogeographic transition zone in the Southeastern Pacific

Barriers to dispersal are recognized to play an important role in the differentiation of populations and ultimately in speciation. In the southeast Pacific, on the northern coast of Peru, a transition zone between the Peruvian and Panamic marine biogeographic provinces exists. Here, the convergence between two contrasting surface currents could generate a barrier effect for the larval dispersal of meroplanktonic invertebrates, which could in turn generate differentiated populations or genetic lineages on both sides of the transition zone. To address this, we studied to Echinolittorina paytensis, an abundant rocky intertidal periwinkle that spans both biogeographic provinces. A total of 95 individuals from Ecuador (2°19′S) to central Peru (7°31′S), covering the Panamic Province, the Peruvian Province, and the transition zone between, were collected. The mitochondrial markers cytochrome c oxidase I and 16SrRNA were sequenced in order to investigate phylogeography and genetic structuring. In general, no genetic structuring was found across the transition zone, suggesting this biogeographic boundary would not be acting as a barrier in this species. Factors such as a high larval dispersal capability and the occurrence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation events such as El Niño are discussed.