塔里木盆地塔中低凸起滑脱构造与分层构造变形

塔中低凸起作为古生代形成的凸起,是油气运移聚集的有利指向区,研究其构造变形特征对油气勘探具有重要的意义。应用地震和钻井资料,在地震资料解释和分层构造复原基础上,研究认为：（1） 除塔中Ⅰ号断裂带部分段为基底卷入式外,塔中低凸起主要逆冲断裂以滑脱式为主,主逆冲断裂多在中、下寒武统膏盐层系滑脱;（2） 盐上地层变形特征与盐下地层变形特征不同,盐上地层构造变形强度总体上大于盐下地层构造变形强度;（3） 膏盐层系在分层构造变形过程中起到协调变形作用;（4） 塔中低凸起分层构造变形主要受控于俯冲造山及膏盐层系滑脱作用。     

Conditions of formation of stratified screes,Slims River Valley,Yukon Territory: a possible analogue with some deposits from Belgium

Stratified scree is forming today on 34–45° north‐facing slopes in gullies in the Kluane Lake area of the St. Elias Range of the Yukon Territory. Low winter snowfall leaves the slopes snow‐free in the dry spring weather, so that dry grain flows are extremely active. The coarsest material moves to the bottom of the slope, while the finer material is left behind. Summer rains mobilize the matrix‐rich material upslope and cause it to flow down and cover the clast‐supported deposits from the dry grain flows. The matrix‐supported debris flow material dries and hardens, stabilizing the clast‐supported material. This occurs in a region of discontinuous permafrost, but permafrost is not involved in the processes. A remarkably similar Pleistocene deposit occurs at Noiseux in Belgium. Detailed examination of the deposits from the Yukon and Noiseux shows that they have essentially similar characteristics, suggesting that the main deposit at Noiseux formed in the same way from frost‐shattered Famenne siltstone with small quantities of loess. The deposit remaining today represents the sediments at the toe of this scree. Thus climatic conditions at Noiseux during part of the Late Pleistocene were similar to those found today at Kluane Lake. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

稳定分层剪切流动湍流特性的数值研究

随着我国沿海经济的迅猛发展,近海海域遭到越来越严重的污染,使海域环境质量明显下降,生态环境日趋恶化,并对生物资源和人体健康产生有害影响.海洋分层环境特征对各类污染物作用的机理和污染物扩散规律研究,对精确预报海洋灾害的发生、发展和应该采取何种防灾减灾工程措施等具有重要意义.海洋中广泛存在密度分层现象,它可由温度分层也可由盐度分层引起.分层流可分为两种类型:一是密度不同的流体有明显的内部分界面,此时我们可以把它看成一个二流体系统(two-layer system),二流体系统中海洋内波问题已有广泛的研究[1~6];二是密度不同的流体相互掺混形成连续密度梯度分层流.     

瞬变电磁场的波场变换研究

通过对不同条件下层状介质模型瞬变电磁场数据的波场变换、分析,提高了对瞬变电磁场波场变换物理意义的认识,并总结出若干有价值的规律.指出这种通过数学方法变换出的波场,不仅在形式上满足波动方程,而且在导电介质中也存在“传播”现象,在“传播”过程中,当遇到电性分界面时,也存在“反射”和“透射”.这些结论为在瞬变电磁法中,正确合理地引入地震处理解释方法提供了重要的理论依据.     

Helicopter-Borne Flux Measurements in the Nocturnal Boundary Layer Over Land – a Case Study

This case study introduces measurements of turbulent fluxes in a nocturnal boundary layer in North Germany with the new helicopter-borne turbulence measurement system HELIPOD, a detailed data analysis and examination in regard of systematic errors of the instrument, and some comparison with local similarity theory and experiments of the past, in order to confirm the occurrence of small vertical turbulent fluxes. The examined nocturnal boundary layer offered excellent conditions to analyse the quality of the measurement system. In this connection, a detailed look at a strong ground-based inversion disclosed small turbulent fluxes with a spectral maximum at ten metres wavelength or less, embedded in intermittent turbulence. For verification of these fluxes, the measurements were compared with well established results from past experiments. Local similarity theory was applied to calculate dimensionless variances of the turbulent quantities, which were found in good agreement with other observations. Since shear and stratification varied significantly on the horizontal flight legs due to global intermittency, a method was developed to determine vertical gradients on a horizontal flight pattern, by use of small fluctuations of the measurement height. With these locally determined gradients, gradient transport theory became applicable and the turbulent diffusivities for heat and momentum, the Richardson number, and the flux Richardson number were estimated within isolated strong turbulent outbursts. Within these outbursts the flux Richardson number was found between 0.1 and 0.2. The functional relationship between the gradient Richardson number and the turbulent Prandtl number agreed well with observations in past experiments and large eddy simulation. The impact of the stratification on the vertical turbulent exchange, as already described for the surface layer using Monin–Obukhov similarity, was analogously observed in the very stably stratified bulk flow when local scaling was applied.     

GIS支持下的小麦区域化苗情遥感监测应用研究

在地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）支持下,将处理好的归一化相干被指数（ＮＶＩ）图与地形图、土壤质地图、政我图、年降水量图、年平均气温图、小麦生育期积温图等背景图件叠加,进行比较客观的小麦遥感生态分层。并制成常年非麦象元分布底图。在此基础上,根据地面则网实地调查资料,建立了一套适合不同监测层的遥感监测指标。最后,将剔除常年非麦象元后的ＮＶＩ图与遥感生态区分层图进行集成,采用不同指标划分小麦苗情等级,从而提高了     

泥石流扇的类型与土地利用模式

将泥石流扇按发育历史、地貌形态、外力方式、物源组成、成因类别、人类活动等6个方面作了类型划分。论述泥石流扇类型的阶地级别、几何形状、扇面坡度、流路形态、叠置方式、排列形式、植物生态等各型的基本特征。讨论用泥石流扇地貌稳定性因素综合判别方法,确定泥石流扇地貌形态整体稳定性。即很不稳定型泥石流扇,较稳定型泥石流扇,基本稳定型泥石流扇的判别。据泥石流扇形地的土地利用现状,评述了农业耕作利用,林牧业开发利用,养殖业发展利用,村寨修建利用,城镇、工矿区综合建设利用,休闲、娱乐场建开发利用,铁路、公路线路展布利用,军用场地设置利用,临时工棚、工地房建利用,引水渠道、输电线路、输油(气)管道工程利用等各种利用模式的现状,提出泥石流扇土地开发利用的分层模型,为充分、安全开发泥石流扇的土地资源提供了科学依据。     

基于对地抽样总量控制下的玉米种植面积提取

提出了一种基于统计抽样总量控制下的中高分辨率遥感影像玉米种植面积信息提取方法, 该方法首先利用分层抽样技术对调查目标总体(玉米)进行分层抽样;然后对抽样小区进行目视解译, 反推区域总量真值;最后在总量控制下进行区域目标作物的空间分布提取。以河北省三河市中部地区的部分影像为研究区, 以该区2006-08-21的10m分辨率的SPOT 5多光谱影像为基础数据进行了试验研究。结果表明该方法基于群样本检验的总体精度达到93.8%, Kappa系数达到0.88, 均高于最大似然监督分类结果的精度。另外, 所提出的方     

连续层化流体中内波破碎的动力学机制的数值研究

对单频内波在白噪声的干扰下引起的不稳定现象进行了数值研究,分析了不同振幅和不同Pr数(Prandtl number)对静力不稳定、剪切不稳定、对流不稳定出现的时间、地点及持续时间的影响.结果显示,静力不稳定总是比其它2种不稳定先出现,其持续时间也是最长的;振幅越大(Pr＝0.72)时,内波越不稳定,导致3种不稳定出现的时间明显提前;Pr数增大(A＝0.256)时,3种不稳定出现的时间也略有提前.     

基于微扰法的改进一维分形模型分层海面电磁散射研究

运用微扰法研究了平面波入射分层介质粗糙面的电磁散射,采用改进的一维分形海面模型模拟实际的分层海面,推导出了平面波入射时的散射系数计算公式。通过数值计算得到了HH极化双站散射系数随散射角的变化曲线,讨论了中间介质介电常数和厚度、摩擦风速和入射波频率对双站散射系数的影响,得到改进的一维分形分层海面散射系数的基本特征、分区特征和随频率变化的特征,结果表明散射系数近似具有"量子化"特征。这些结果在诸如海洋遥感、无线电传播与通信、粗糙面重构等方面中有着广泛的应用。