Meixner functions for derivation of the unit hydrograph

The Meixner functions are utilized to relate the effective rainfall, the direct runoff and the unit hydrograph through linkage equations. The linkage equations are then employed to derive the unit hydrograph for given rainfall-runoff data on a small agricultural watershed. These functions are tested with regard to their ability to reproduce and predict the direct runoff hydrograph. The Meixner functions are found to be an effective analytical tool for hydrograph synthesis. Further, they compare well with the least squares and linear programming methods of the unit hydrograph derivation.     

Optimum design of nailed soil slopes

In this paper, a generalized method of computer based optimum design of soil-nailed slopes is reported. A limit equilibrium formulation satisfying overall and internal equilibrium and considering the effect of tensile resistance of the reinforcement has been used in computing the stability of nailed slopes. The quantity of steel requirement for raising the factor of safety to a desired value is estimated. The location, size (length and diameter) and orientation of the nails and the location and shape of the critical shear surface have been treated as variables. The solutions have been isolated by formulating the problem as one of non-linear programming. The applicability of the developed method has been verified by comparing the predicted failure surfaces with those observed in model tests as well as in the field and also reported theoretical results.     

Determining the equivalent permeability tensor for fractured rock masses using a stochastic REV approach: Method and application to the field data from Sellafield,UK

A numerical procedure to determine the equivalent permeability tensor of a fractured rock is presented, using a stochastic REV (Representative Elementary Volume) concept that uses multiple realizations of stochastic DFN (Discrete Fracture Network) models. Ten square DFN models are generated using the Monte Carlo simulations of the fracture system based on the data obtained from a site characterization program at Sellafield, Cumbria, UK. Smaller models with varying sizes of from 0.25 m×0.25 m to 10 m×10 m are extracted from the generated DFN models and are used as two-dimensional geometrical models for calculation of equivalent permeability tensor. The DFN models are also rotated in 30º intervals to evaluate the tensor characteristics of calculated directional permeability. Results show that the variance of the calculated permeability values decreases significantly as the side lengths of the DFN models increase, which justifies the existence of a REV. The REV side length found in this analysis is about 5 m and 8 m with 20% and 10% acceptable variations, respectively. The calculated directional permeability values at the REV size have tensor characteristic that is confirmed by a close approximation of an ellipse in a polar plot of the reciprocal of square roots of the directional permeability.

Microsimulation of large-scale evacuations utilizing metrorail transit

Public transit plays an important role in emergency evacuations, particularly for areas where public transit serves as a major commute mode for commuters. Microsimulation techniques provide great flexibility in assessing different scenarios in emergency situations. Combining GIS-based network analysis with microsimulation techniques, this study developed a framework to simulate emergency evacuations using rail transit. Applying the framework to a hypothetical attack on the Pentagon, this study investigated the performance of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority’s Metrorail for large-scale evacuations. A network-based analysis was performed to estimate the number of riders in association with each metro line and station. Using VISSIM, a multi-mode micro-simulation software package, this study integrated a pedestrian model with a Metrorail transit model to evaluate the performance of the Metrorail in the hypothetical evacuations. The simulation results suggested that if the potential of Metrorail transit is effectively utilized, it could be very useful resource during a large-scale evacuation. This study demonstrated the great potential and flexibility of microsimulation techniques for evaluating complex evacuation scenarios and strategies. The framework and approach used in this study can be applied to analyze other similar situations and help develop effective evacuation plans.     

求解半变异函数的常用方法与新方法研究

半变异函数的获取既有人为主观求取法,又有运用数学工具客观求取法,但是后者是今后的主要趋势。笔者在前人工作的基础上,归纳出多项式回归法、线性规划法和目标规划法三种求解半变异函数的成熟方法,以及非线性回归理论直接求解法、进化计算和积分面积三种新兴方法,并总结出各种方法的优缺点。最后概括出计算权重的两种方法。     

基于C#与MATLAB混合编程实现变形预测分析

工程项目的施工期、运营期均需要进行变形监测观测,以便全方位掌握构筑物的稳定性,但其中数据分析的实现方式、方法各有不同。本文采用C#与MATLAB混合编程,结合两种编程语言的优势,详细叙述了混合编程的实现方法,并以灰色模型为例,验证了可行性,证实了该模式可以快速开发满足项目需求的程序,实现对监测数据的分析、预测。     

基于水平集的海岛（礁）提取

提出了适合航空影像区域分割的水平集运算策略,将原始影像首先进行格网分类,对分类后的海岸线格网进行水平集运算提取精确海岛（礁）边缘,并采用多核编程策略提高运算效率。实验表明该方案效果理想,能够正确提取海岛（礁）区域。     

MapGIS向ArcGIS数据转换过程中若干问题的探讨——以黑龙江省第二轮矿产资源规划为例

ArcGIS,MapGIS两种地理信息系统操作平台各具优势,在黑龙江省第二轮矿产资源规划项目中,MapGIS格式数据向ArcGIS格式数据转化时,需要解决投影转换、注记转换等问题,通过研究,用VB编程可以解决两种操作平台间的注记转换问题,最终实现MapGIS数据格式与ArcGIS数据格式的统一.     

非开挖铺管中定向钻进轨迹设计研究

对非开挖工程中水平定向钻进轨迹最优化设计进行了深入研究。应用最优化理论的动态规划思想,以钻进台时为优化指标,根据障碍物位置、大小和钻孔参数,建立了轨迹设计的最优化模型;并推导出绕过两个障碍物的局部轨迹最优化函数,通过坐标变换,简化了兰维空间轨迹设计问题;开发了相应的软件实现模型的求解。