制约塔里木盆地天然气地球化学特征的主要因素

天然气数据相对比较简单,只有组份和同位素两类,但是这些数据却包含了天然气从烃源岩生成到聚集成藏之间所经历的生成、排驱、运移、聚集和成藏后的改造等过程,所有这些过程都可以导致天然气组份和同位素组成发生变化.本文在大量国内外有关天然气数据和研究成果的基础上,以塔里木盆地天然气研究为实例,分析控制和影响天然气组份和同位素的主要因素,认为天然气组份和同位素主要受源岩的类型和成熟度(即所谓的"源控")、成藏过程和次生作用控制.通过对天然气组份和同位素组成控制因素的认识,必将加深对天然气数据的理解,从而使我们在天然气研究和勘探中不仅要认识源岩和成熟度对天然气数据的控制,而且要认识成藏过程和次生作用对天然气数据的控制.     

江西省会昌县地质灾害及防治对策

会昌县是江西省地质灾害多发地区之一,通过近1a的考察研究,对该区的地质灾害现状、成因机制等取得了第一手的资料,对防灾减灾预案的提出有了可靠的依据,本文就此相关问题进行探讨。     

自然伽玛及自然伽玛能谱测井在沉积盆地古环境反演中的应用

对山东东营凹陷牛38井古近系沙河街组三段的自然伽玛和自然伽玛能谱测井的初步实验研究表明,在比较稳定的还原性古环境中,能谱测井中的铀（U）含量和钍、铀含量比(Th/U),能作为古环境研究的重要指示参数,而伽玛总量则不然．U及Th/U与有机碳含量（co）存在良好相关性,在比较安静、还原性的古环境中（有机碳含量大于4．0%时）,两参数具有较强的应用性,而随着古环境的开放性及动荡性增强,其应用能力减弱．     

Subsurface Airflow Induced by Natural Forcings

Subsurface airflow can be induced by natural processes,such as atmospheric or barometric pressure changes, water table fluctuations,topographic effects,and rainfall infiltration．Barometric pressure fluctuations are the most common cause of subsurface airflow,which can be significant under favourable geological conditions．This process has been studied most extensively because of its application to passive soil vapor extraction．Soil airflow induced by water table fluctuations can be significant,particularly where the fluctuations are of high frequency,for example,in tidal-influenced coastal areas．Top-ographic effects can lead to strong subsoil airflow in areas with great elevation differences．Rainfall infiltration usually produces only weak airflow.Air flow induced by these natural processes has important environmental and engineering implications．Among the different processes,airflow induced by tidal fluctuations has been studied the least,although it has exciting applications to coastal engineering projects and environmental remediation．     

"自然跳跃式"开发战略与西部大开发--以攀枝花市为例

该文在系统分析攀枝花市环境、资源、交通条件、经济状况的基础上,总结了攀枝花市的发展历史、开发经验,探索了较为落后地区的发展途径和开发模式,指出在较为落后的地区开发中应优先选择发展极点,充分发挥发展极的带动、辐射和扩散作用,促进区域整体的发展。提出我国西部开发宜先采取“自然跳跃式”开发战略的观点。     

“The Community Helped Me:” Community Cohesion and Environmental Concerns in Personal Assessments of Post-Disaster Recovery

Abstract

This study investigates long-term appraisals of community recovery after a major environmental disaster. Specifically, we conducted a survey of 351 individuals living in coastal counties in Alabama and Florida on the five-year anniversary of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Using mixed methods that combined content analysis and ordinary least squares regression, we find that residents who believe they live in a community where neighbors help each other are more likely to see their communities as recovering. Conversely, reporting major effects from environmental problems, like lost fishing income, reduces perceptions of community recovery. Five years after the oil spill a majority of respondents saw little economic recovery and almost half perceived low environmental recovery. This reflects the importance of the environment to the long-term health and success of areas dependent on natural resources. It also suggests the need for directing funding toward community-level programs and preserving shared natural resources post-disaster.     

The effort factor: Evaluating the increasing marginal impact of resource extraction over time

Concern for the increasing impact of human activities on Earth's ecosystems has generated a growing effort to monitor those impacts and measure the success, if any, of mitigation measures. This contribution argues that ecological impact assessments that tend to rely primarily on the volume of natural resources produced and subsequently consumed overlook the degree to which ecological impact can vary significantly independently of production volumes, due to the varying impact that results from production effort. Production effort, in turn, is directly linked to the quality of raw materials, which inevitably tends to decrease over time. As a result, unless technological improvements were able to compensate for the resource quality decline indefinitely, we face a future of increasing marginal ecological impact over time. This is demonstrated here based on three resource extraction systems, coal mining in the UK, grain production in China, and global marine fisheries.     

Multiresolution wavelets and natural time analysis before the January–February 2014 Cephalonia (Mw6.1 & 6.0) sequence of strong earthquake events

On January 26 and February 3, 2014, Cephalonia Island (Ionian Sea, Greece) was struck by two strong, shallow earthquakes (moment magnitudes Mw6.1 and Mw6.0, respectively) that ruptured two sub-parallel, strike-slip faults, with right-lateral kinematics. The scope of the present work is to investigate the complex correlations of the earthquake activity that preceded the Mw6.1 event in the broader area of the Cephalonia Island and identify possible indications of critical stages in the evolution of the earthquake generation process. We apply the recently introduced methods of Multiresolution Wavelet Analysis (MRWA) and Natural Time (NT) analysis and for the first time we combine their results in a joint approach that may lead to universal principles in describing the evolution of the earthquake activity as it approaches a major event. In particular, the initial application of MRWA on the inter-event time series indicates a time marker 12 days prior to the major event. By using this time as the initiation point of the NT analysis, the critical stage of seismicity, where the κ₁ parameter reaches the critical value of κ₁ = 0.070, is approached few days before the occurrence of the Mw6.1 earthquake.     

How natural disturbance triggers political conflict: Bark beetles and the meaning of landscape in the Bavarian Forest

The incidence of natural disturbance in forests is increasing globally as a consequence of global warming. The concomitant large-scale transformation of landscapes can have profound social impacts and trigger political conflict that hampers resource management. This paper explores the link between landscape transformations and political conflict using the example of the bark beetle epidemic in Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany. For a significant part of the local population, the bark beetle represented a threat to their homeland and the post-disturbance landscape of dead wood reflected the dominance of outside interests in land management. This resentment sparked the formation of a local political movement, which was successful in pressing for changes in the current land management policy that were based on the ideal of a green forest landscape that needed to be protected by human intervention. An alternative interpretation of the post-disturbance landscape, however, welcomed it as a step towards authentic wilderness and opposed interventions to control the bark beetle. These contrasting understandings of the post-disturbance landscape underpin the protracted political conflict over the appropriate management of natural disturbance that has been smouldering for more than 20 years. The article concludes that it is vital to understand the cultural meaning of landscapes before adopting a disturbance management policy in order to avoid paralysing political conflict and social unrest.