西藏那曲地区流纹岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学特征

对西藏那曲地区的中—晚侏罗世拉贡塘组流纹岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,得出该流纹岩的时代为116.6Ma±0.81Ma,属早白垩世,与区域上多尼组和则弄群的时代一致,属同一地质事件的产物,说明该火山岩不属拉贡塘组,应不整合于拉贡塘组之上。流纹岩SiO2含量均值为71.01%,富集Rb、Th元素,亏损P、Eu、Ti元素,εHf（t）值集中在-0.030～2.277之间,平均值为0.75,对应的两阶段模式年龄为682～782Ma和1015～1175Ma,大于流纹岩的形成时代。流纹岩具同碰撞型火山岩的特征,不具传统岛弧环境的特征,构造环境可能存在两种可能：班公湖-怒江特提斯洋俯冲已经结束,进入陆-陆碰撞阶段,羌塘地块和拉萨地块开始碰撞;班公湖-怒江洋还未完全关闭,残留洋与拉萨地块发生碰撞。在碰撞的过程中,下地壳不断加厚并发生部分熔融形成酸性流纹岩。     

黔东南州可持续发展的度量研究——基于BEF与TEF的综合测度

在生态足迹模型的基础上,将生态足迹划分为本底生态足迹和旅游生态足迹,构建了本地生态足迹模型,由饮食、住宿、交通、游乐、购物和废物6个子模块组成的旅游生态足迹模型,以区域可持续发展差量、区域可持续发展指数、区域生态效率指数为指标的可持续发展度量模型,综合评价区域可持续发展状态;以贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州为研究区域,进行了西部典型山区可持续发展的度量研究;研究结果表明。黔东南州2005年资源消耗以本地居民消耗为主,游客对生态足迹贡献率较小,旅游生态足迹约为89 660 hm2,仅为本底生态足迹的1/15,且以交通子模块贡献率最大;2 362.97美元/hm2的旅游生态效率指数远高于457.58美元/hm2的非旅游生态效率指数,亦高于1 106美元/hm2的全球生态效率指数;生态承载力供给盈余约为859 859 hm2,区域可持续发展指数为0.61,全州处于"良"的可持续发展状态。     

Quantitative Assessment of the Effects of Climate Change and Human Activities on Grassland NPP in Altay Prefecture

Grassland degradation in Altay Prefecture is of considerable concern as it is a threat that hinders the sustainable development of the local economy and the stable operation of the livestock industry. Quantitative assessment of the relative contributions of climate change and human activities, which are considered as the dominant triggers of grassland degradation, to grassland variation is crucial for understanding the grassland degradation mechanism and mitigating the degraded grassland in Altay Prefecture. In this paper, the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach model and the Thornthwaite memorial model were adopted to simulate the actual net primary productivity (NPP_A) and potential net primary productivity (NPP_P) in the Altay Prefecture from 2000 to 2019. Meanwhile, the difference between potential NPP and actual NPP was employed to reflect the effects of human activities (NPP_H) on the grassland. On this basis, we validated the viability of the simulated NPP using the Pearson correlation coefficient, investigated the spatiotemporal variability of grassland productivity, and established comprehensive scenarios to quantitatively assess the relative roles of climate change and human activities on grassland in Altay prefecture. The results indicate three main points. (1) The simulated NPP_A was highly consistent with the MOD17A3 dataset in spatial distribution. (2) Regions with an increased NPP_A accounted for 70.53% of the total grassland, whereas 29.47% of the total grassland area experienced a decrease. At the temporal scale, the NPP_A presented a slightly increasing trend (0.83 g C m^?2 yr^?1) over the study period, while the trends of NPP_P and NPP_H were reduced (?1.31 and ?2.15 g C m^?2 yr^?1). (3) Compared with climate change, human activities played a key role in the process of grassland restoration, as 66.98% of restored grassland resulted from it. In contrast, inter-annual climate change is the primary cause of grassland degradation, as it influenced 55.70% of degraded grassland. These results could shed light on the mechanisms of grassland variation caused by climate change and human activities, and they can be applied to further develop efficient measures to combat desertification in Altay Prefecture.     

Spatiotemporal Pattern and Driving Force Analysis of Vegetation Variation in Altay Prefecture based on Google Earth Engine

Quantitative evaluation and driving mechanism analysis of vegetation dynamics are essential for promoting regional sustainable development. In the past 20 years, the ecological environment in Altay Prefecture has changed significantly due to global warming. Meanwhile, with increasing human activities, the spatiotemporal pattern and driving forces of vegetation variation in the area are uncertain and difficult to accurately assess. Hence, we quantified the vegetation growth by using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) on the Google Earth Engine (GEE). Then, the spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation from 2000 to 2019 were analyzed at the pixel scale. Finally, significance threshold segmentation was performed using meteorological data based on the correlation analysis results, and the contributions of climate change and human activities to vegetation variation were quantified. The results demonstrated that the vegetation coverage in Altay Prefecture is mainly concentrated in the north. The vegetation areas representing significant restoration and degradation from 2000 to 2019 accounted for 24.08% and 1.24% of Altay Prefecture, respectively. Moreover, spatial correlation analysis showed that the areas with significant correlations between NDVI and temperature, precipitation and sunlight hours accounted for 3.3%, 6.9% and 20.3% of Altay Prefecture, respectively. In the significant restoration area, 18.94% was dominated by multiple factors, while 3.4% was dominated by human activities, and 1.74% was dominated by climate change. Within the significant degradation area, abnormal degradation and climate change controlled 1.07% and 0.17%, respectively. This study revealed the dynamic changes of vegetation and their driving mechanisms in Altay Prefecture, and can provide scientific support for further research on life community mechanism theory and key remediation technology of mountain-water-forest-farmland-lake-grass in Altay Prefecture.     

植物生长季海北高寒湿地辐射收支特征

依据祁连山海北高寒湿地植物生长期观测资料,分析了区域辐射收支情况及其变化特征.结果表明:祁连山海北高寒湿地有较强的太阳总辐射(DR),但地表反射辐射(UR)、地面有效辐射(ELR)较低;地表长波辐射(ULR)、大气逆辐射(DLR)、净辐射(R_n)均较高,且具有明显的日、季节变化.植物生长期5~9月的日变化振幅DR>Rn>UR>ULR>DLR>ELR,其总量表现出ULR>DLR>DR>R_n>UR>ELR,分别达4650.6、4225.5、3058.8、2156.2、477.6和425.1 MJ·m^-2.从月际分布来看,ULR、DLR、DR最高出现在7月,R_n出现在6月,UR出现在5月,ELR出现在8月,分别为980.3、913.1、721.5、554.9、112.1和127.4 MJ·m^-2.     

湘西州矿产资源现状及找矿方向

湘西州锰、钒、铅、锌、汞等金属矿产资源丰富,但贫矿多,富矿少,资源保证程度不高。今后除在已知矿带（床）内进一步进行深部矿、隐伏矿、难识别矿和“贫中找富”,开拓“第二找矿空间”外,还应运用新理论、新技术、新方法,拓展找矿新领域、新类型,实现找矿新突破。     

基于边际效益的水资源空间动态优化配置研究--以黑河流域张掖地区为例

基于边际效益递减和边际成本递增原理,运用水资源利用的边际效益空间动态优化方法,研究了黑河中游张掖地区调水后启动分水的时序和数量, 阐述了净边际效益的求解过程和处理方法,结果表明,当调入水量W≥1.1905×10\8 t,高台县、临泽县、山丹县都应依次得到分水. 最后分析了优化结果和问题处理,并对边际效益分析方法的应用进行预测分析.     

First record of dinosaur trackway from Tibet,China

Three sauropod trackways comprise eight tracks that resemble Brontopodus tracks have been found at the Morong track site in Changdu Prefecture, Tibet, China. These wide- (or sub-wide)-gauge tracks suggest that there was a large sauropod, possibly a member of Titanosauriformes, in Changdu Prefecture during the Early-Middle Jurassic. The sauropod fauna from Changdu Prefecture, Tibet not only has elements in common with the sauropod fauna from the Sichuan Basin, but may include more diverse faunal components.     

水资源资产价格模糊数学综合评价指标体系构建——以黑河中游张掖市为例

针对水资源本身的模糊性和不确定性,基于模糊数学综合评价模型,从水量、水质、人口、社会经济和生态环境5个方面选取18个评价指标,结合AHP法与熵权法确定指标权重,对张掖市2010-2014年的水资源价格进行动态评价,水价计算模糊数学模型由水资源价值评价和水资源价格计算两部分组成.结果表明：采用水资源价值模糊综合指数对水资源价值进行测算,5 a间张掖市水资源模糊综合指数介于水资源价值指数的“中等”与“偏低”之间,说明张掖市水资源价值属于中等偏低;在2010-2014年5 a间水资源价格呈明显上升趋势,核算期初的2010年为2.12元·m^-3,证实了张掖市目前水资源价格偏低,水资源资产价格存在较大的上升空间,而核算期末的2014年最高达4.96元·m^-3.基于熵权与AHP相结合确定权重的水资源价格模糊数学综合评价模型,评价结果更客观合理,为下一步水资产负债表编制中水资产与负债价值核算提供数据支持.     

新疆昌吉州耕地开垦轨迹对土壤肥力变化的影响

定量刻画区域尺度耕地开垦轨迹(初始地类、初始土壤类型和耕作年限)对土壤肥力变化的影响,对指导区域农业施肥管理措施、提高农田土壤肥力具有重要意义.本文以新疆昌吉州为研究区,通过叠加5期土地利用数据来识别耕地开垦轨迹,基于1980年和2018年两期大量样点数据,分析耕地开垦前的土地利用方式和土壤类型以及开垦后耕作年限的差异...