天津崇德园基坑支护工程技术

介绍了天津崇德园（南开区水上公园西路团校、政法学院地块）基坑支护工程技术的选择和应用,考虑到基坑变形控制以及较强的止水性,采用SMW工法、深层搅拌水泥土围护墙、钻孔灌注桩、高压旋喷桩综合支护方案。     

复合土钉墙在市区深基坑支护工程中的应用

以济南市区深基坑支护工程实例为背景,分析了在周边环境复杂,使用土地范围受限情况下的市区开展深基坑支护工程,采用复合土钉墙支护技术,利用其形式多样、组合灵活的特点,充分发挥组合中各部件的优点,取长聚优,在保证安全的前提下以期达到技术经济的最佳;同时总结了施工中各个工序的施工要点和关键技术措施。监测数据显示基坑位移变形小,未对周边环境造成不良影响,说明支护体系发挥了良好的实施效果。     

Effects of Deep Fluids on Hydrocarbon Generation and Accumulation in Chinese Petroliferous Basins

Deep fluids in a petroliferous basin generally come from the deep crust or mantle beneath the basin basement, and they transport deep substances(gases and aqueous solutions) as well as heat to sedimentary strata through deep faults. These deep fluids not only lead to large-scale accumulations of CO_2, CH_4, H_2, He and other gases, but also significantly impact hydrocarbon generation and accumulation through organic-inorganic interactions. With the development of deep faults and magmatic-volcanic activities in different periods, most Chinese petroliferous basins have experienced strong impacts associated with deep fluid activity. In the Songliao, Bohai Bay, Northern Jiangsu, Sanshui, Yinggehai and Pearl Mouth Basins in China, a series of CO_2 reservoirs have been discovered. The CO_2 content is up to 99%, with δ~(13)C_(CO2) values ranging from-4.1‰ to-0.37‰ and ~3He/~4He ratios of up to 5.5 Ra. The abiogenic hydrocarbon gas reservoirs with commercial reserves, such as the Changde, Wanjinta, Zhaozhou, and Chaoyanggou reservoirs, are mainly distributed in the Xujiaweizi faulted depression of the Songliao Basin. The δ~(13)CCH4 values of the abiogenic alkane gases are generally -30‰ and exhibit an inverse carbon isotope sequence of δ~(13)C_(CH4)δ~(13)C_(C2H6)δ~(13)C_(C3H8)δ~(13)C_(C4H10). According to laboratory experiments, introducing external H_2 can improve the rate of hydrocarbon generation by up to 147% through the kerogen hydrogenation process. During the migration from deep to shallow depth, CO_2 can significantly alter reservoir rocks. In clastic reservoirs, feldspar is easily altered by CO_2-rich fluids, leading to the formation of dawsonite, a typical mineral in high CO_2 partial pressure environments, as well as the creation of secondary porosity. In carbonate reservoirs, CO_2-rich fluids predominately cause dissolution or precipitation of carbonate minerals. The minerals, e.g., calcite and dolomite, show some typical features, such as higher homogenization temperatures than the burial temperature, relatively high concentrations of Fe and Mn, positive Eu anomalies, depletion of 18 O and enrichment of radiogenic ~(87)Sr. Due to CO_2-rich fluids, the development of high-quality carbonate reservoirs is extended to deep strata. For example, the Well TS1 in the northern Tarim Basin revealed a high-quality Cambrian dolomite reservoir with a porosity of 9.1% at 8408 m, and the Well ZS1 C in the central Tarim Basin revealed a large petroleum reserve in a Cambrian dolomite reservoir at ~6900 m. During the upward migration from deep to shallow basin strata, large volumes of supercritical CO_2 may extract petroleum components from hydrocarbon source rocks or deep reservoirs and facilitate their migration to shallow reservoirs, where the petroleum accumulates with the CO_2. Many reservoirs containing both supercritical CO_2 and petroleum have been discovered in the Songliao, Bohaiwan, Northern Jiangsu, Pearl River Mouth and Yinggehai Basins. The components of the petroleum trapped with CO_2 are dominated by low molecular weight saturated hydrocarbons.     

基于软件接收机的BDS/MEMS IMU深组合导航性能分析

针对BDS/MEMS IMU深组合导航全物理实验难度较大的问题,提出一种基于软件接收机的BDS/MEMS深组合导航系统仿真分析方法。给出BDS软件接收机结构,介绍深组合导航系统结构设计及滤波算法,最后基于仿真数据进行验证。结果表明,在高动态条件下,就BDS/MEMS IMU导航系统而言,其深组合的导航精度较紧组合有较大提高,位置误差小于1 m,速度误差小于0.01 m/s。     

BDS/INS深组合导航性能分析

通过对BDS/INS深组合导航进行较为全面的性能分析（重点针对INS辅助BDS捕获、跟踪环路机理及性能评判准则）发现,在INS辅助下可以显著提高BDS信号捕获灵敏度、缩短平均捕获时间,并可以维持环路的锁定跟踪状态以提高导航精度。同时,考虑GNSS接收机受到超强干扰或卫星信号受到持续遮挡等特殊条件,给出BDS/INS深组合的结构设计,并基于软件接收机对深组合导航系统性能进行仿真分析。该仿真结果对工程应用具有参考价值。     

基于深度学习的区域生态安全时空模拟与预测

区域作为人类、自然、社会共同作用和互相影响的复杂系统,对区域进行生态量化建模与模拟仿真,是实现区域可持续发展战略的关键。传统机器学习方法对区域生态系统建模取得了一定的成果,但难以确定学习特征和实现时空模拟。深度学习不需事先确定训练特征,具有优异的特征学习能力,能够提高模型预测精度,因此利用深度学习进行建模具有显著优势。本文使用植被净初级生产力（NPP）、气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）和人口格网数据,充分利用深度学习的优点,采用最优深度神经网络时空模拟,得到了河南省2007-2014年3 km分辨率的生态赤字空间分布图和河南省2015-2020年的生态赤字时间预测结果并进行分析,为区域生态的科学管理和建设供科学依据和参考。     

Study of “bright spots” in seismic reflection data

"bright spot" on reflection seismic profile has been regarded as one of the important indications of oil and gas, and it has been widely used in the oil and gas exploration.Moreover, with the development of new technologies, "bright spot" technique has been gradually applied to the exploration of coal, underground water and other fields, and also in the research of deep structure of the earth.Based on the reviewing of published literatures, the authors described the structural features and generation of "bright spot" on seismic profile for energy resources exploration and crustal-scale deep seismic reflection profiles, and further summarized the applications of the "bright spot" technique in energy resource exploration and deep structure research.     

风暴相对螺旋度与强对流天气类型的关系分析

对风暴相对螺旋度（SRH）的定义进行了介绍。通过对2007-2008年石家庄地区27次强对流天气过程进行了统计分析,找出短时暴雨、冰雹、大风任意组合时高、低层SRH的不同特征,得到不同天气现象的预报指标,并利用2009年的几次强对流天气过程进行了验证。结果表明：出现短时暴雨时,SRH_低经常连续较长时间为正值,但数值较小,SRH_高也是以正值为主;伴有冰雹或者大风时,SRH_低、SRH_高的差值迅速增大,SRH_高可达到100m²•s^-2或以上。     

钉形水泥土双向搅拌桩桩身强度差异原因分析与检测探讨

本文简单介绍了钉形水泥土双向搅拌桩的形成及其特点,通过大量的桩身标准贯入试验和室内无侧限抗压强度试验,建立了桩身标准贯入击数与桩身无侧限抗压强度以及桩体分段深度的数学关系式,同时对钉形水泥土双向搅拌桩桩身强度不一致的现象进行了深入分析,对桩身强度检测项目和方法进行了深入探讨,并初步确定了武汉新区桩身强度检测的项目和方法。提出采用加权平均值作为桩身强度设计和检测的标准更为妥当。     

Understanding of the Common Land Model performance for water and energy fluxes in a farmland during the growing season in Korea

The Common Land Model (CLM) is one of the most widely used land surface models (LSMs) due to the practicality of its simple parameterization scheme and its versatility in embracing a variety of field datasets. The improved assessment of land surface water and energy fluxes using CLM can be an alternative approach for understanding the complex land–atmosphere interactions in data‐limited regions. The understanding of water and energy cycles in a farmland is crucial because it is a dominant land feature in Korea and Asia. However, the applications of CLM to farmland in Korea are in paucity. The simulations of water and energy fluxes by CLM were conducted against those from the tower‐based measurements during the growing season of 2006 at the Haenam site (a farmland site) in Korea without optimization. According to the International Geosphere–Biosphere Programme (IGBP) land cover classification, a homogeneous cropland was selected initially for this study. Although the simulated soil moisture had a similar pattern to that of the observed, the former was relatively drier (at 0·1 m³ m^?3) than the latter. The simulated net radiation showed good agreement with the observed, with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 41 W m^?2, whereas relatively large discrepancies between the simulation and observation were found in sensible (RMSE of 66 W m^?2) and latent (RMSE of 60 W m^?2) heat fluxes. On the basis of the sensitivity analysis, soil moisture was more receptive to land cover and soil texture parameterizations when compared to soil temperature and turbulent fluxes. Despite the uncertainty in the predictive capability of CLM employed without optimization, the initial performance of CLM suggests usefulness in a data‐limited heterogeneous farmland in Korea. Further studies are required to identify the controls on water and energy fluxes with an improved parameterization. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.