Seasonal characters of regional vegetation activity in response to climate change in West China in recent 20 years

Using NDVI data of NOAA-AVHRR in recent 20 years and the temperature and precipitation data of West China, the vegetation activity is discussed by adopting the EOF and REOF decomposed functions. Results show that the overall increasing trend of vegetation activity in different seasons reflects an advanced and prolonged growth period of vegetation under the circumstance of climate warming, but the vegetation evolvement has much inconsistency between different regions and seasons. There are four notable regions, eight sub-areas for vegetation evolvement in spring and summer, and nine sub-areas in autumn. The vegetation activity in most sub-areas is increasing. The most notable region is represented by Lhaze station on the Tibetan Plateau. Two other marked stations are represented by Altay station in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Pengshui station in Sichuan Province. But the time series analysis of NDVI makes clear that the trends of the other two sub-areas, Turpan station in Xinjiang and Huashan station in Shaanxi Province, are descending. It is an important reason for vegetation evolvement that temperature ascends in most of the regions and descends in the east region in some seasons. But another important reason for vegetation evolvement is that precipitation is ascending in the west and descending in the east of the region.     

绿洲植被覆盖度遥感信息提取——以敦煌绿洲为例

以敦煌绿洲为研究区,利用Landsat TM遥感数据,通过归一化植被指数(NDVI)和混合像元分解两种方法,提取了敦煌绿洲的植被覆盖度信息。在基于NDVI提取植被覆盖度时,选取了基于NDVI的像元二分模型; 在混合像元分解过程中,对遥感影像进行波段反射率归一化处理和最小噪声变换(MNF),确定了3个类型端元:植被、不透水表面/土壤、水体/阴影; 最后利用高分辨率遥感影像验证对比了两种提取方法的精度。结果表明:混合像元分解更能准确地提取敦煌地区植被覆盖度信息,其线性相关系数为0.8915,均方根误差为0.0882,而且提取结果更符合实际情况,可以为敦煌植被状况监测及生态环境保护提供科学建议。     

青藏高原植被变化特征及其对气候变化的影响

利用1982-2001年美国国家航天航空局(NASA)的归一化植被指数(NDVI)资料以及55个青藏高原地区气象台站实测的最高气温、最低气温、平均气温和降水资料,初步分析了青藏高原地区各季节植被变化特征及其对气候变化的影响,通过分析发现,各季节青藏高原地区NDVI均以增长为主.特别是高原南部、北部和西部等地区增加明显,高原中东部地区植被有所减少.通过相关分析和台站概率相关分析发现,高原冬季和春季NDVI与后期春季和夏季的最高气温、最低气温、平均气温和降水有较好的正相关关系,但有的表现在相关系数比较显著,有的表现为概率相关较明显.     

基于计算机模拟的植物返青期遥感监测方法比较研究

植物返青期变化与气象和气候因素密切相关,已成为研究全球变化对陆地生态系统影响和反馈机理的一个重要参数。利用遥感手段及时准确地监测区域及全球尺度植物返青期变化,是当前地学、生态学研究的一个前沿课题。但是目前国内外对植物返青期遥感监测方法缺乏有效比较,还没有形成统一认识。因此,在综述植物返青期传统测量方法和遥感监测方法最新研究进展的基础上,利用计算机模拟手段,对目前常用的4种遥感监测方法（滑动平均方法、NDVI比率阈值方法、最大变化斜率方法及Logistic函数拟合方法）进行了比较研究。模拟结果表明：4种方法的返青期计算值最大相差20天,突出反映了它们在构建原理方面的差别,即滑动平均方法将NDVI突增点对应的时期作为植物返青期;NDVI比率阈值方法将最大上升斜率点对应的时期作为植物返青期;最大变化斜率方法将NDVI数据斜率角变化最大的点对应的时期作为植物返青期;Logistic函数拟合方法则将拟合曲线上曲率变化最大的点对应的时期作为植物返青期;同时,4种方法所得返青期均满足一个共同的特点,即返青期之后NDVI曲线应保持最大持续增长。该研究也表明计算机模拟技术在帮助认识和理解植物返青期遥感监测方法中的巨大潜力。     

伊金霍洛旗近15年来植被覆盖度的动态变化

植被状况是评价荒漠化地区荒漠化程度的重要指标,其中植被盖度是最为重要的植被表征.本文选择地处我国北方农牧交错区的内蒙古伊金霍洛旗,利用Landsat卫星遥感数据,基于植被指数,反演了这一地区1989年9月11日、1998年8月19日、1999年8月13日、2002年8月6日、2004年7月2日的植被盖度变化情况.通过分级比较发现,1989-1998年研究区植被覆盖度明显增加,1998-1999年植被覆盖度显著减少,1999-2002年植被覆盖度又明显增加,而2002-2004年植被覆盖度又有所减少.这种起伏变化表明:导致研究地区荒漠化发生和扩展的各种自然和人为因素并未根本消除,在局部地区荒漠化仍有恶化趋势.影响植被覆盖度变化的因素主要有三个方面:气候因素、土地利用政策和农业经济结构的优化调整.     

广西耕地植被指数月变化特征分析研究

通过互联网直接下载美国地质调查局 (USGS)数据中心的全球 1km分辨率 NDVI10 d合成 NDVI资料 ,选取广西南、中、北部 5个水田监测点和 6个旱地监测点 ,分析其 NDVI月变化特征。结果表明 :NDVI的月变化与耕地上农作物生长变化有较密切的关系 ,可以利用 NDVI资料 ,开展广西农作物生长状况及农业气象灾害的气象卫星遥感监测     

Study on vegetation ecological water requirement in Ejina Oasis

The Ecological Water Requirement (EWR) of desert oasis is the amount of water required to maintain a normal growth of vegetation in the special ecosystems. In this study EWR of the Ejina desert oasis is estimated through the relational equation between normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), productivity and transpiration coefficient, which was established by a combination of the RS, GIS, GPS techniques with the field measurements of productivity. The results show that about 1.53×108 m3 water would be needed to maintain the present state of the Ejina Oasis, and the ecological water requirement would amount to 3.49×108 m3 if the existing vegetation was restored to the highest productivity level at present. Considering the domestic water requirement, river delivery loss, oasis vegetation water con-sumption, farmland water demand, precipitation recharge, etc., the draw-off discharge of the Heihe River (at Longxin Mount) should be 1.93×108―2.23 ×108 m3 to maintain the present state of the Ejina Oasis, and 4.28×108―5.17×108 m3 to make the existing vegetation be restored to the highest productiv-ity level at present.     

利用卫星立体影像生产DEM的关键技术研究

在利用国产资源三号卫星立体影像制作DEM产品过程中,通过遥感手段利用NDVI和ND-WI对植被、水域等要素范围边界进行快速提取,实现了数据制作过程中滤波环节准确性和适应性的增强,进而达到了对DEM产品精度提升和制作效率提高的目的.由此形成的技术方案可以为全球地理信息资源建设与应用提供参考.     

基于Landsat-8数据对甘肃省金塔县主要农作物分类

近年来,随着经济社会发展和人类活动加剧,水资源短缺、生态环境恶化、自然灾害频发等问题对于农作物的生长具有较大影响,因此准确地提取农作物显得尤为重要.本文基于2016年Landsat-8 OLI全生育期的时序遥感影像数据,融合金塔县农作物的物候特征和地表纹理特性,提取主要农作物小麦、玉米、棉花和甜菜的时间序列NDVI曲线...     

Ecological Sensitivity Assessment of the Southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau using GIS and AHP—A Case Study of the Nyingchi Region

This paper took the Nyingchi area in southeastern Tibet Autonomous Region of China as the research area, and selected five indicators of elevation, slope, slope direction, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and water body as the evaluation system based on the current situation of domestic and foreign research and field investigation. The indicators were analyzed by the AHP method for weighting, and then an ArcGIS overlay analysis was applied. The results show that the ecological sensitivity of the Nyingchi region is generally increasing from the south of Nyingchi to the north of Nyingchi. The northern, western and southwestern parts of Nyingchi are extremely sensitive or highly sensitive, while the southern part is mostly insensitive or mildly sensitive ecologically. The proportions of areas for each sensitivity level are: not sensitive 54.81%, light sensitive 11.97%, moderately sensitive 10.34%, highly sensitive 8.65%, and extremely sensitive 14.23%. The results indicate that the overall ecological sensitivity of the Nyingchi region is low and this region is performing well with respect to ecological environmental protection. This study can provide some suggestions for targeted improvements of the ecological environmental protection in the Nyingchi region and even in the Tibetan Plateau region.