Hydroelastic analysis of fully nonlinear water waves with floating elastic plate via multiple knot B-splines

Hydroelastic analysis of fully nonlinear water waves with the floating elastic plate is a hard mission. Especially, the behavior of the wave would be more complex when water wave encounter the floating elastic plate. In this paper, the meshless numerical method is devoted to solve such a problem. Fundamental solution method is applied to approximate the velocity potential in the fluid domain. When the water wave encounters the plate, the wave function would not be enough smooth in the edge of plate compared to the other points. Hence, to analyze numerically the behavior of wave, the solution space should include the basis functions that are not enough smooth in the edge of plate. Moreover, to decrease computational cost significantly, the basis functions had better to have local compact support. The multiple knot B-spline basis functions are suitable that contain both properties. The number of repeated knots, the degree of B-spline and the spatial points are challengeable that are discussed in this paper. The results are in good agreement with those obtained from other numerical works.     

Adaptive fitting of systematic errors in navigation

To use Kalman filtering for kinematic positioning and navigation, we have to deal with both observational and kinematic models. Both of the functional models may contain global or local systematic errors. The influence functions of the systematic errors on the estimates of kinematic states are derived. An adaptive fitting method for systematic errors of the observations and kinematic model errors is presented. The systematic errors are fitted with a mean or a weighted mean by using the residuals of observations and residuals of predicted states within a chosen time window. The covariance matrices of the modified observations and the predicted states are estimated within the same window. The estimation formulae and calculation strategy, as well as a real example, are given. It is shown by theory and calculations that Kalman filtering based on the adaptive fittings of the systematic errors and covariance matrices can, to some degree, resist the influences of systematic errors on the estimated states of navigation.     

辽东半岛中生代韧性剪切带特征及其地质意义

辽东半岛韧性剪切带可分为两种类型,一类为低角度逆冲推覆型,多为北东—南西向或北北东—南南西走向,大致分布于辽东半岛东南边缘;另一类为高角度近水平剪切滑动型,多分布于半岛内部的a线理及运动学特征指示这些剪切带的总体应力场这由南东东向北西西推覆、挤压。剪切带的形成时间大多在中生代末期。辽东半岛金矿大多与这次韧性剪切活动有关,由剪切活动产生的一些韧-脆性的变形带很可能即是环太平洋成矿作用的容矿构造。     

Soil–structure interaction in the time domain using halfspace Green's functions

A time-domain formulation is proposed for the transient response analysis of general, three-dimensional structures resting on a homogeneous, elastic halfspace subjected to either external loads or seismic motions. The formulation consists of two parts: (a) the time domain formulation of the soil behaviour and (b) the coupling of the corresponding soil algorithms to the Finite Element Code ANSYS. As far as the structure is concerned, this coupling opens the way for the analysis of non-linear soil–structure interaction. The approach is based on halfspace Green's functions for displacements elicited by Heaviside time-dependent surface point loads. Hence, the spatial discretisation can be confined to the contact area between the foundation and the soil, i.e. no auxiliary grid beyond the foundation as for conventional boundary element formulations is required. The method is applied to analyse the dynamic response of a railway track due to a moving wheel set by demonstrating the influence of ‘through-the-soil coupling’.     

A computational framework for generalized moving windows and its application to landscape pattern analysis

Land cover products based on remotely sensed data are commonly investigated in terms of landscape composition and configuration; i.e. landscape pattern. Traditional landscape pattern indicators summarize an aspect of landscape pattern over the full study area. Increasingly, the advantages of representing the scale-specific spatial variation of landscape patterns as continuous surfaces are being recognized. However, technical and computational barriers hinder the uptake of this approach. This article reduces such barriers by introducing a computational framework for moving window analysis that separates the tasks of tallying pixels, patches and edges as a window moves over the map from the internal logic of landscape indicators. The framework is applied on data covering the UK and Ireland at 250 m resolution, evaluating a variety of indicators including mean patch size, edge density and Shannon diversity at window sizes ranging from 2.5 km to 80 km. The required computation time is in the order of seconds to minutes on a regular personal computer. The framework supports rapid development of indicators requiring little coding. The computational efficiency means that methods can be integrated in iterative computational tasks such as multi-scale analysis, optimization, sensitivity analysis and simulation modelling.     

Stresses and excess pore pressure induced in saturated poroelastic halfspace by moving line load

This paper examines stresses and excess pore fluid pressure that are induced in a saturated poroelastic soil of halfspace extent by a concentrated line load. The line load is moving at a constant velocity along the surface of the poroelastic halfspace. The governing equations for the proposed analysis are based on the Biot's theory of dynamics in saturated poroelastic soils. The governing partial differential equations are solved using Fourier transforms. The solutions for the stresses and excess pore pressure are expressed in the forms of inverse Fourier transforms. The numerical results are obtained by performing the numerical inversion of the transform integrals. A parametric study is presented to illustrate the influences of the velocity of moving load and the poroelastic material parameters on the stresses and excess pore pressure. At a high velocity, the maximum values of the stresses in a poroelastic halfspace are smaller than those in an elastic solid, whilst at a low velocity the stresses in a poroelastic halfspace are larger than those in an elastic halfspace. The potential of diffusivity has an important influence on the stresses and excess pore pressure.     

Comparison of methods for calculation of the wave envelope

Different methods for computing of the Hilbert transform are reviewed and discussed in this work. Statistical characteristics of the wave envelope determined by different methods are compared with the theoretical ones. Field data, collected at the Portuguese coast are used in this comparative analysis. The advantages and shortcomings of the different methods for determination of the wave envelope are shown and discussed.     

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长白山北坡苔原/岳桦景观边界的定量检测

景观边界是不同景观类型之间的过渡带,是生态系统与环境(包括地形和地貌等)相互作用的产物,运用地理信息系统和多变量分析方法(主成分分析PCA和移动窗口分析法MSWA)分别对样线数据和TM遥感影像数据进行分析,定量判定长白山北坡苔原和岳桦景观边界的宽度和位置。结果表明:长白山北坡苔原和岳桦景观边界的宽度为60m左右,这与野外样线调查的结果——该边界的宽度为50m相一致;研究结果表明:与地理信息系统和其它统计方法相结合,TM遥感影像数据可以用于森林景观边界的定量检测;在景观边界的检测方面,移动窗口法比主成分分析法更可靠;只要样线布设合理,主成分分析法也可以用于景观边界的定量检测。     

近年天津地区冰雹和雷暴天气特征研究

基于天津地区13个观测站的1990～2009年冰雹资料和2000～2009年雷暴资料,分析了近年来天津地区降雹、雷暴的时空分布特点,并总结出当前雷暴云移动路径,以及引发此类天气的主要影响系统.主要结论为:(1)近20年天津地区年平均雹日是12.6 d,北部蓟县为冰雹天气多发区,冰雹天气常出现在春夏秋季节,集中出现在每年3～9月;(2)全市13个测站在13:00(北京时间,下同)到20:00之间雷暴的发生概率较大,且西北路径,西南路径的雷暴云出现频率较高,占到了65.2％;(3)引发天津地区冰雹及雷暴天气的主要影响系统为高空冷涡和高空槽,所占比例为49.54％和43.12％.