青海祁连山冻土区天然气水合物的气源条件及其指示意义

祁连山木里冻土区天然气水合物的气源条件还不清楚,这直接影响到下一步的勘查方向。文章试图以DK-2天然气水合物钻孔为例,从天然气水合物及其相关气体组成与同位素特征入手,对比分析天然气水合物产出层段的泥岩、油页岩、煤、油气显示等有机地球化学特征,探讨该区天然气水合物的气源条件及其对天然气水合物勘查的指示意义。该区天然气水合物所在层段的泥岩、油页岩、煤的有机质丰度、类型、热演化程度等参数显示,它们不能成为天然气水合物的主要气源岩层;结合天然气水合物及相关气体组成与同位素特征,判断该区天然气水合物的气体来源可能主要为深部石油(原油)伴生气或深部气源岩层的成熟-过成熟气;该区油气显示现象与天然气水合物密切伴生,或可作为天然气水合物的指示标志。     

新疆阿吾拉勒山西段下二叠统陆相火山岩岩石地球化学特征、成因及构造背景

新疆阿吾拉勒山西段是伊犁石炭-二叠纪裂谷的重要组成部分,本文对该区下二叠统典型的双峰式玄武岩-流纹岩组合进行了系统的岩相学和岩石地球化学研究。岩石整体高Na2O、高Al2O3、低TiO2、富碱。玄武岩富集大离子亲石元素Ba、K、LREE和P,亏损高场强元素Th、U、Ta、Nb。粗面斑岩和流纹斑岩富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K、LREE、高场强元素Th、Zr、Hf,亏损Ta、Nb、Sr、Ti和P。玄武安山玢岩的蛛网图与粗面斑岩和流纹斑岩较为一致,但少量元素的特征与玄武岩相似。玄武岩浆来源于弱亏损地幔,并受到了下地壳物质的混染,而玄武安山玢岩、粗面斑岩和流纹斑岩则可能来源于地壳物质的部分熔融。双峰式火山岩的形成可能与上地幔玄武岩浆的底侵作用有关。裂谷演化导致的陆相火山活动持续到早二叠世晚期达到顶峰,中二叠世以后,构造环境由拉伸转为挤压,裂谷演化趋于终止。该区石炭纪末-早二叠世的裂谷活动与整个天山地区晚古生代的构造演化背景具有一致性。     

Geophysical characterisation of a blind I-type pluton emplaced within the Bundarra Suite S-type granites of the New England Batholith

Geophysical data are presented that characterise a blind pluton, the Mountain Home Pluton (MHP), which intrudes the southern portion of the Bundarra Suite (BS), 30 km northeast of Bendemeer, New South Wales. A positive magnetic anomaly within the non-magnetic granites of the BS (Banalasta and Pringles Monzogranites) was previously identified as a sub-surface intrusion. Interpretation of new gravity data and analysis of aeromagnetic data are used to infer the depth, size, density, magnetic susceptibility and likely petrology of the pluton. The best-fit model indicates that the MHP is very similar to the Looanga Monzogranite, a felsic member of the Moonbi Suite of the New England Batholith (NEB) that intrudes the BS 5–7 km southeast of the MHP. The top of the MHP is inferred to lie about 1 km beneath the surface and the pluton extends to a depth of at least 6 km. Our model furthermore suggests that the southwestern margin of the MHP is subvertical, whereas a shallower dip (<45°) towards the north is proposed for the northeastern surface of the pluton. A north-trending dyke swarm, identified on the basis of linear positive magnetic anomalies, may be related to the MHP. This swarm of more than 20 relatively magnetic dykes extends out to about 10 km north from the pluton. Magnetic modelling of the dykes indicates that susceptibility values of the dykes are probably very similar to the range of the MHP, and also suggests the width of individual dykes (also not known to be exposed at the surface) to be at most a few tens of metres. A petrographic examination of the intruded BS granites at the surface suggests that metamorphic zoning as seen in mineralogical characteristics may be related to the underlying pluton.     

环嵩山地区9000～3000aB.P.聚落演替模式及其与地形的关系

不同生产方式、生产水平、社会结构与组织形态对区域环境的选择与适应使得环嵩山地区9000～3000aB.P.聚落演替模式在时间上具有差异性.表现在裴李岗时期向仰韶时期演替过程中,为放弃原来聚落的位置,转而迁移至别的区域兴建新的聚落的“迁移型”演替模式;仰韶时期向龙山时期演替过程中,为在保留原有聚落的基础上,向周边进行扩散,寻找新的区域兴建新的聚落的“扩散型”演替模式;龙山时期向夏商时期演替过程中,为在原有聚落的基础上,面积不断扩大,规模不断扩张的“膨胀型”演替模式.这种聚落演替模式的差异性与区域环境,尤其是地形条件存在联系.生产方式的转变使得仰韶先民放弃裴李岗时期的近山台地聚落,转而迁移至更适合农业生产的山前平原兴建新的聚落.社会的稳固发展与聚落数量的增长迫使龙山先民在仰韶聚落的基础上寻求环境条件较好的区域新建聚落,以缓解人口增长带来的压力.社会形态与组织方式的变化使得夏商时期聚落在龙山时期聚落的基础上,面积不断膨胀,并最终导致聚落规模等级差异特征的形成.环嵩山地区早期聚落传承模式的差异性说明不同的社会形态与发展阶段是在一定的生产水平与特定的社会组织结构基础上对不同环境选择与适应的结果.     

New radiometric and geomorphologic evidences of a last glacial maximum older than 18 ka in SW European mountains: the example of Redes Natural Park (Cantabrian Mountains,NW Spain)

Abstract

The first numerical age determinations from radiocarbon dating establish the chronology of glacial events in Redes Natural Park (Cantabrian Mountain, NW Spain). A core drilled in an ice-dammed deposit provided a minimum age of 28 990 ± 230 years BP for the maximum glacial expansion (phase I). Another core from a cirque bottom-fill provided organic sediment with 20 640 ± 300 years BP, a minimum age for the first glacial retreat (phase II). Radiometric dating of proglacial deposits interpreted as synchronous with the last glacial maximum phase in neighbouring Cornelia basin (Picos de Europa), yield ages of 40 480 ± 820 years BP. The chronological data presented in this work are consistent with the model of glacier evolution established in the Pyrénées, with a glacial maximum phase for the last glacial period older than 18 ka. © 2002 Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. AU rights reserved.     

祁连山冻土区天然气水合物地质控制因素分析

对祁连山冻土区天然气水合物勘探区DK-2至DK-6钻孔地层、岩心粒度、断层破碎带以及冻土层属性进行了综合分析。结果表明,研究区水合物储存首要控制因素是可为深部气源提供流体通道的区域主断层,其他小断层和破碎带可为水合物提供部分流体来源及储存空间,气体来源以深部热解气为主;不同沉积环境地层中水合物赋存层段的粒级组分含量不同,局部粗碎屑沉积亦可为天然气水合物提供有利储存空间;而水合物的储存不仅受冻土层厚度控制,还可能与冻土层岩性有很大关系,有利的"盖层"(低孔隙度、低渗透率)可能更利于水合物的赋存。此外,江仓组地层也可能对天然气水合物有一定的岩相控制作用。