1953 - 2016年华山积雪变化特征及其与气温和降水的关系

利用华山气象站1953 - 2016年气象观测资料和1989 - 2016年Landsat TM卫星遥感影像数据, 分析华山积雪变化的基本特征及其与气温、 降水和大气环流的关系。结果表明： 1953 - 2016年华山平均积雪日数78.5 d, 积雪主要出现在每年的10月 - 次年5月, 64 a来积雪初日推迟, 终日提前, 初终间日数减少, 年度、 冬半年、 冬季积雪日数分别以8.3 d?（10a）^-1、 7.6 d?（10a）^-1、 4.7 d?（10a）^-1的减少率显著减少。1981 - 2016年华山年度最大积雪深度减少趋势不显著, 年度累积积雪深度以88.2 cm?（10a）^-1的减少率显著减少, 一年中积雪日数、 最大积雪深度和累积积雪深度的减少（小）趋势均以3月最为显著。1989 - 2016年华山区域积雪面积、 浅雪和深雪面积减少趋势不明显。1953 - 2016年华山年度、 冬半年、 冬季平均气温升高, 降水量减少。积雪日数与平均气温存在显著的负相关, 与降水量存在显著的正相关, 气温是影响华山积雪日数的最主要因素。年度、 冬半年和冬季积雪日数突变年份与相应时段平均气温突变年份相近。1953 - 2016年华山冬半年、 冬季平均气温和降水量均与大气环流指数相关显著, 华山冬半年和冬季积雪日数与同期西藏高原指数、 印缅槽强度指数、 南极涛动指数和西太平洋副高西伸脊点指数为明显的负相关, 与850 hPa东太平洋信风指数、 亚洲区极涡面积指数为明显正相关。     

南设得兰群岛利文斯顿岛鲍勒斯山组火山岩的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄及地质意义

采用４０Ａｒ／３９Ａｒ法和激光微区等时线方法，对南极南设得兰群岛利文斯顿岛东部产出的鲍勒斯山组火山岩重新进行了年龄测定。结果表明，４５Ｄ安山质熔岩和２６２玄武安山质熔岩的等时年龄分别为（１０５．６２±２．１１）Ｍａ和（１１１．４８±２．２３）Ｍａ，其４０Ａｒ／３９Ａｒ初始比与尼尔值相当，岩石中不含过剩氩，表明等时年龄代表岩石真正的形成年龄。脉状产出的Ａ９３５２细晶岩的４０Ａｒ／３９Ａｒ坪年龄为（９６．７±１．６）Ｍａ，计算得到等时年龄为９６．６Ｍａ，晚于熔岩喷发而形成。新的年龄数据证实了鲍勒斯山组火山岩形成于白垩纪。白垩纪火山活动曾影响了整个利文斯顿岛，在赫德半岛出露的鲍勒斯山组火山岩曾被较年轻火山岩所覆盖，构造抬升使其出露。     

环太湖河道水质分析与入湖污染物负荷量估算

以环太湖河道的河口 (临太湖 )点位为对象 ,通过非参数检验探讨太湖地区河道水质时空差异。对无锡地区进行入湖河道污染负荷量研究 ,确认污染现状与总量控制目标间存在差距。研究还表明 ,总磷污染最为严重 ,对太湖 (太湖的西 -西北 -北部分 )水体富营养化影响最大的入湖河道有直湖港、太鬲运河、漕桥河、太鬲南运河和大浦港。     

Combining fractal analysis of mineral deposit clustering with weights of evidence to evaluate patterns of mineralization: Application to copper deposits of the Mount Isa Inlier, NW Queensland, Australia

The clustering of mineral occurrences and their spatial associations with particular geological features are critical aspects of mineral distributions for exploration and understanding ore genesis. Variations in the degree of clustering of mineral occurrences or geological features can be measured by fractal dimensions, obtained from a shifting box counting method. Spatial associations between mineral occurrences and geological features can be quantified by the weights of evidence (WofE) method using the contrast value, which increases with the strength of the spatial relationship. A new method is proposed to evaluate mineral occurrence distributions by combining the power of fractal analysis of clustering with the WofE approach. The method compares the correlation between the variation in degree of clustering of mineral occurrences and a geological feature in a study area, with the contrast value of the same feature. The possible outcomes can be simplified into four scenarios, depending on whether the correlation in variation of clustering and the contrast are high or low, respectively. Each outcome has specific exploration implications. If either a high correlation in variation of clustering or a high contrast value is obtained, the geological feature can be used for exploration targeting.The integrated fractal and WofE approach is applied to copper occurrences in the Proterozoic Mount Isa Inlier, NW Queensland, Australia, which hosts large numbers of copper deposits (1,869 occurrences), including the world class Mount Isa copper deposit. Variation in clustering of copper occurrences has a positive correlation with variation in clustering of fault bends (R = 0.823), fault intersections (R = 0.862) and mafic rocks (R = 0.885). WofE results indicate that the copper occurrences are spatially associated with fault intersections and bends and with mafic rocks. Analyses were carried out separately for the two major lithostratigraphic sequences in the Inlier, the Eastern and Western Successions. The Western Succession copper occurrences are apparently more clustered than those of the Eastern Succession, which may reflect a lower degree of exploration and/or geological factors. The association of copper occurrences with mafic rocks compared with fault bends and intersections is greater in the Eastern Succession, which may reflect genetic factors. Correlations in the variation of clustering of mineral occurrences and geological features have a linear relationship with the contrast values, and the spatial association between all geological features and copper occurrences constitute high correlation/high contrast cases. The linear relationship suggests that the geological features that control the clustering of the copper occurrences could be the same features that control their localization.     

Typology of Natural Hazards and Assessment of Associated Risks in the Mount Bambouto Caldera (Cameroon Line,West Cameroon)

Abstract: Mount Bambouto is a polygenic stratovolcano of the Cameroon Volcanic Line, built between 21?Ma and 4.5?Ma. It is situated approximately 200?km NE of Mount Cameroon, between 09°55′ and 10°15′ longitude east and, 05°25′ and 05°50′ latitude north. The volcano covers an area of 500?km2 and culminates at 2740?m at Mélétan dome and bears a collapsed caldera at the summit (13?×?8?km). Mount Bambouto is characterized by several natural hazards of different origins: meteorological, such as landslides and rock falls; anthropogenic, such as bushfires, tribal wars and deforestation; and volcanological, such as volcanic eruption. The thematic map shows that 55–60% of the caldera has high probability of occurrence of mass movement. The caldera has a high population density (3000 inhabitants), which increases the level of risk, evaluated at approximately $US3.8 million for patrimony, 3000 civilian deaths and destruction of biodiversity.     

目的地居民对旅游影响感知的结构关系——以世界自然遗产三清山为例

居民是旅游利益相关者的重要一方,居民的地方感、对获取利益和付出成本的感知将影响居民的满意度,进而影响旅游地的可持续发展。以三清山景区为案例地,通过问卷调查和访谈,借鉴已有文献构建结构方程模型,结果显示：① 通过因子分析可将旅游影响感知分为成本感知、情感性获益感知和物质性获益感知,情感性获益感知对居民地方感、满意度中介影响最为显著;② 地方感与旅游影响感知存在相互影响,成本感知与地方感相互作用不显著,获益感知与地方感显著正向相关,其中情感性获益感知相对物质性获益感知与地方感相互作用更明显;③ 居民情感性获益感知与物质性获益感知相互作用显著;④ 原住民相对于非原住民地方感更强,情感性获益感知更高,对旅游成本感知更敏感,对物质性获益感知部分低于非原住民。     

龙虎山丹霞地貌"旅游景观价值-游客审美感知"探讨

通过对龙虎山丹霞地貌类型及其地质遗迹、人文景观的分析,按景区空间组合及代表性景观构建了旅游景观谱系。对这些景观进行评价和游客感知度调查,形成游客感知率与景观评价值矩阵,并用坐标法将矩阵划分为4个象限,分析其间的耦合性、差异性和产生机理。结果显示,总体上符合景观赋分值高、游客感知度高,景观赋分值低、游客感知度低的规律,但对一些典型地质遗迹,专家的评价与游客的感知度相差较大。游客仍以直观的山水审美为主,对其蕴含的科学性认知不够。地质遗迹科考产品和科普产品开发不足,尚未形成大众产品。比较不同游客群体的审美感知差异,为旅游产品的市场细分提供依据,并提出丹霞地貌景区建设建议。     

底拖网配纲设计计算

根据疏目拖网逐目和逐个编结周期或剪裁循环地装配的要求,提出了先计算口门每目和网翼或网缘的每编结周期或剪裁循环的配纲长度,然后再计算出整段口门和网翼或网缘的配纲长度之设计计算方法。     

云微物理过程对黄山云滴谱离散度的影响

利用2008年4—7月、2009年5—8月和2011年5—9月黄山光明顶的云滴谱观测资料,对离散度和体积平均半径之间的关系进行了深入的分析和讨论。结果表明,随着体积平均半径的增大,离散度与体积平均半径之间的相关从正变成负,主要与活化、凝结、蒸发和去活化有关,与以往研究一致。在此基础上,进一步发现负相关比较弱,主要与碰并过程有关。当云雨自动转化阈值函数增大时,碰并增强,离散度与体积平均半径之间的相关性由负转正,且正相关性逐渐增强。碰并导致的正相关削弱了凝结和蒸发导致的负相关。此外,尽管云滴谱出现了双峰谱,但第一档强度(第一档浓度除以总的浓度)仍然可以很好地区分正负相关性。