基于计算机视觉的相机标定方法

随着航空摄影测量及倾斜摄影技术的不断推广,其相机传感器受内在及外在因素的影响,使得相机畸变参数的准确性并不是稳定如一,因而极大限制了数据处理的效率.针对这一问题,本文以解决相机畸变参数的准确性作为出发点,从相机成像原理出发,分析相机成像中的误差,介绍相机标定的方法,对相机标定进行实验分析,以达到准确标定相机参数的目的,...     

World-wide synthetic tide parameters for gravity and vertical and horizontal displacements

The response of the Earth’s crust to the direct effect of lunisolar gravitational forcing is known as the body tide. The body tide is superimposed by surface-loading forces due to the pressure of the periodically varying ocean tide acting on the Earth, called ocean tide loading (OTL). Both body tide and OTL can be decomposed into components of the same frequency known as tidal parameters. However, OTL is more complicated than body tides because of the dynamic effects of the ocean. Estimating OTL requires a model of the ocean tides and knowledge of the elastic properties of the solid Earth. Thus, synthetic tide parameters (amplitude factors and phase leads) have been developed here on a world-wide grid for gravity and positional displacements. The body tide contributions were added to the oceanic contribution to provide the Earth tide response. The accuracy and reliability of the synthetic tidal parameters have been estimated by comparing observed gravity and vertical-displacement tide parameters with those interpolated from our synthetic model, which shows good agreement. Tests also indicate that the synthetic tide parameters provide realistic gravimetric and displacements for practical use in tidal prediction.     

基于森林模型参数先验知识估算高分辨率叶面积指数

目前,估算高分辨率叶面积指数LAI（Leaf Area Index）的常用方法是采用大量地面测量数据和遥感数据建立统计模型,再用统计模型估算LAI。然而,与农田地面测量实验相比,森林地面测量实验获取的观测数据更加有限,这使得基于统计模型的森林高分辨率LAI的估算精度低,难以满足应用需求。为此,本文提出一种基于森林模型参数先验知识、使用森林研究区少量的LAI地面测量数据和归一化植被指数NDVI数据估算森林高分辨率LAI的方法。首先,获取全球20个森林实验区的LAI地面测量数据和NDVI数据,建立LAI-NDVI统计模型并提取森林模型参数的先验知识。然后,以一个新的森林站点Concepción作为研究区,将该研究区的数据分为建模数据和验证数据两个部分。使用研究区有限的建模数据对森林模型参数先验知识进行本地化校正得到优化模型,优化模型用于估算森林高分辨率LAI,使用验证数据评价LAI的估算精度。同时,选取了Camerons站点、Gnangara站点、Hirsikangas站点评价本文方法的LAI估算精度。使用地面测量LAI验证基于森林模型参数先验知识估算高分辨率LAI的结果精度,经验证4个森林站点的均方根误差分别为0.6680,0.4449,0.2863,0.5755。研究结果表明：在仅有少量观测数据时,采用本方法能有效地提高森林高分辨率LAI的估算精度。因此,本方法可为森林高分辨率LAI的遥感估算提供参考。     

Detecting patterns of climate change in long-term forecasts of marine environmental parameters

ABSTRACT

Forecasting environmental parameters in the distant future requires complex modelling and large computational resources. Due to the sensitivity and complexity of forecast models, long-term parameter forecasts (e.g. up to 2100) are uncommon and only produced by a few organisations, in heterogeneous formats and based on different assumptions of greenhouse gases emissions. However, data mining techniques can be used to coerce the data to a uniform time and spatial representation, which facilitates their use in many applications. In this paper, streams of big data coming from AquaMaps and NASA collections of 126 long-term forecasts of nine types of environmental parameters are processed through a cloud computing platform in order to (i) standardise and harmonise the data representations, (ii) produce intermediate scenarios and new informative parameters, and (iii) align all sets on a common time and spatial resolution. Time series cross-correlation applied to these aligned datasets reveals patterns of climate change and similarities between parameter trends in 10 marine areas. Our results highlight that (i) the Mediterranean Sea may have a standalone ‘response’ to climate change with respect to other areas, (ii) the Poles are most representative of global forecasted change, and (iii) the trends are generally alarming for most oceans.     

电离层高阶项改正对参考框架实现及测站坐标的影响分析

根据电离层高阶项改正模型,确定了高阶项延迟对不同GPS观测量的影响量。根据IERS协议2010推荐的最新模型,对全球均匀分布的104个IGS基准站数据进行了重新处理,研究了电离层高阶项延迟(二、三阶项)对坐标参考框架实现及测站坐标的影响,量化了不同地磁模型下的高阶项改正影响变化。结果表明,电离层延迟高阶项改正对参考框架原点有较大影响,犣方向的平移可达20mm,犡、犢方向的平移所受的影响相对较小,大部分维持在5mm以下;电离层高阶项延迟会引起测站坐标变化的区域性偏移现象;地磁模型的不同会导致参考框架原点犣方向有着约10mm的变化,在局部区域也会引起显著的测站坐标变化差异。最后对电离层高阶项改正的影响结果进行了分析与讨论。     

BHαBAR: big Hα kinematical sample of barred spiral galaxies – I. Fabry–Perot observations of 21 galaxies

We present the Hα gas kinematics of 21 representative barred spiral galaxies belonging to the BHαBAR sample. The galaxies were observed with FaNTOmM, a Fabry–Perot integral-field spectrometer, on three different telescopes. The three-dimensional data cubes were processed through a robust pipeline with the aim of providing the most homogeneous and accurate data set possible useful for further analysis. The data cubes were spatially binned to a constant signal-to-noise ratio, typically around 7. Maps of the monochromatic Hα emission line and of the velocity field were generated and the kinematical parameters were derived for the whole sample using tilted-ring models. The photometrical and kinematical parameters (position angle of the major axis, inclination, systemic velocity and kinematical centre) are in relative good agreement, except perhaps for the later-type spirals.     

土工织物加固堤防非线性有限元分析

在进行堤防加筋设计时,土工织物的强度,加筋的长度,加筋的位置,加筋的层数等因素都是应该考虑的。利用欧洲通用的岩土工程有限元软件Plaxis,采用强度参数降低法,对某一堤防加筋的效果、机理作了分析。指出无论在任何位置加筋,土工织物都有一个最小长度。最小长度的确定,要具体问题具体分析。确定了加筋的最佳位置,并建议加两层,一层在底部,一层在中部,以抑制最危险滑弧的发展,提高整体稳定性,减少堤防变形发展。     

从工程实践浅析基桩高应变法检测承载力误差问题

高应变法检测是基桩检测技术的一种重要手段,但是该方法检测承载力存在误差,因此受到许多争议。本文以广东惠州地区两项工程的检测实践为例,分别采用前后两组不同拟合参数,对检测数据进行了承载力拟合计算,分别得出了前后两种不同的计算结果。并通过动、静两种方法的对比检测,分析了高应变法检测承载力误差产生的主要原因,粗略探讨了对高应变法检测的一些认识。     

最不利设计地震动研究

实际记录到的真实地震动在工程结构的抗震研究、分析和设计中往往作为一种施加到结构上使结构振动，直至破坏的地震荷载．如何合理选择真实的地震动记录作为研究结构地震反应的输入，一直是国内外抗震研究和设计中引人关注的重要问题．本文首先提出了最不利设计地震动的概念；然后在收集到的国内外5000余条被认为有重要意义的地震动记录基础上，利用综合估计地震动潜在破坏势的方法，对４种场地类型分别给出了长周期、短周期和中周期结构的国内外最不利设计地震动；最后通过几类不同结构的地震反应分析，初步验证了本文所确定的最不利设计地震动的可靠性和合理性．      

实现数据库管理震源参数的探索

就如何利用数据库，结合Java、XML等手段对震源参数管理进行了一些探索，并给出了一些在一个实际系统中实现了的例子。