各向异性介质中地震波速度分析的研究现状

速度分析是地震数据处理和解释中的重要环的，基于各向同性假设的传统速度分析技术已取得了很大成功，但当应用广泛存在各向异性效应的实际资料时会带来误差以及其它附加效应，进而导致错误的解释。本文介绍了传统速度分析方法的局限性及近些年来各向异性介质中的速度分析了研究成果和存在的问题。     

渤海海域莱州湾凹陷构造演化对油气成藏的控制作用

莱州湾凹陷近年获重大油气发现,但构造演化特征复杂,烃源岩、沉积体系展布特征以及油气运聚规律认识尚不够深入.本文利用多种钻井资料,结合区域地质研究,首先对本区构造演化所产生的断裂与圈闭特征进行分析,划分出3级断裂体系以及3种类型圈闭,并深入研究了构造演化对油气生成与演化、优质储盖组合的分布以及油气运移与聚集的控制作用,总...     

油气超长运移距离

塔里木盆地塔北地区广泛分布着来自于库车坳陷的陆相油气,其运移距离超过100km,是一个比较典型的油气超长距离运移实例。本文在结合油气勘探基础资料的基础上,通过对出油井的详细地球化学研究,综合油气运移条件的分析,探讨了油气超长运移的地质条件与动力机制。研究认为,在哈拉哈塘和英买力南部地区白垩系砂岩储层中发现的油气来源于北部库车坳陷的三叠系湖相烃源岩,成藏时间在5~3Ma;油气主要通过断裂沟通不整合面以及白垩系巴西改组的砂体进行长距离侧向运移,运移的直线距离达到110~130km。研究发现,库车坳陷三叠系优质烃源岩短期内快速熟化并高效排烃,为油气长距离运移提供了充沛的油源和驱动力条件;白垩系巴西改组油层在致密顶底板岩层的封堵约束作用下,油气沿着宽缓斜坡上大面积分布的连通砂体呈面状发生长距离运移,沿途缺少大型圈闭拦截和聚油,油气损失相对较少,所以油气在通畅的运移道路上持续向南推进,这是该区油气发生超长运移的主要动力机制。超长的运移距离,与该区低幅度宽缓的斜坡构造背景和良好的输导通道密切相关,因此,在已发现白垩系出油井点以南更远地区还将不断会有陆相油的新发现;在油气运移经过的地区,白垩系内只要存在圈闭,均可形成油藏,因此,低幅度构造圈闭与岩性地层圈闭所形成的中小型油气田群将作为今后勘探的主要目标。     

Integrated hydroacoustic flares and geomechanical characterization reveal potential hydrocarbon leakage pathways in the Perth Basin,Australia

Geoscience Australia (GA) and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) conducted a marine survey including monitoring hydroacoustic flares in order to understand the natural leakage pathways in the offshore northern Perth Basin. 186 hydroacoustic contacts were encountered and classified and thirty two were interpreted as possible seeps or expulsion of gases from the subsurface. The contacts were typically distributed above areas of interpreted subsurface faulting. In the survey site Da (15 km²), nine probable seeps and sixteen other contacts were interpreted and are aligned with a fault segment (A2) interpreted on 2D seismic reflection data. The segment A2 is part of a major N–NNW trending fault system intersecting the sedimentary sequence from the near seabed to the Permian units, including the Kockatea Shale source rock located in the oil window. Evaluation of the stress state on the fault segment A2 suggests that it is not critically stressed and therefore not likely prone to reactivation and dilation and vertical leakage under the modelled stress field. We propose that fault segment A2 acts as a baffle delimiting a migration pathway in the wall rock and permitting hydrocarbons generated from the source rock to overcome capillary entry pressures of the overlying marginal seals. The interpreted seeps could therefore be associated with intraformational vertical migration in the wall rock focused by the faults.     

Is Centrophorus squamosus a highly migratory deep-water shark?

Deep-water sharks are considered highly vulnerable species due to their life characteristics and very low recovery capacity against overfishing. However, there is still limited information on the ecology or population connectivity of these species. The aim of this study was to investigate if the species Centrophorus squamosus could make long displacements and thus confirm the existence of connectivity between different deep-water areas. In addition, the study was the first attempt to use tagging techniques on deep-water sharks, since it has never been undertaken before. Five C. squamosus were tagged with satellite tags (PAT) in the El Cachucho Marine Protected Area (Le Danois Bank) located in waters of the North of Spain, Cantabrian Sea (NE Atlantic). Data from four of these tags were recovered. One of the sharks travelled approximately 287 nm toward the north east (French continental shelf) hypothetically following the continental slope at a mean depth of 901±109 m for 45 days. Two other sharks spent almost 4 months traveling, in which time they moved 143 and 168 nm, respectively, to the west (Galician coast). Finally, another leafscale gulper shark travelled to the NW (Porcupine Bank) during a period of 3 months at a mean depth of 940±132 m. Depth and temperature preferences for all the sharks are discussed. Minimum and maximum depths recorded were 496 and 1848 m, respectively. The temperature range was between 6.2 and 11.4 °C, but the mean temperature was approximately 9.9±0.7 °C. The sharks made large vertical displacements throughout the water column with a mean daily depth range of 345±27 m. These preliminary results support the suggestion of a whole population in the NE Atlantic and confirm the capacity of this species to travel long distances.     

多源影像数据分级存储与数据迁移规则研究

遥感影像数据是国土资源管理的重要基础数据,具有多源、异构、海量、多时相的特点,在数据组织、存储、管理与服务方面具有特定的技术需求。本文针对国土资源遥感影像数据集中管理的情况下,结合数据中心在线、近线和离线的多级存储体系架构,提出了开展多源、异构影像数据分级存储与数据迁移规则的研究,依据影像数据的产品链与生命周期,提出了分级存储的原则、价值评估要素、分级存储的策略与方法,同时提出了基于不同级存储上影像数据之间的迁移规则,对于数据中心开展多源、异构、海量影像数据的高效组织、存储,降低影像数据的运维成本,提升影像数据的应用效率具有指导意义。     

地震反演成像中的Hessian算子研究

总结了牛顿类地震反演方法中Hessian算子的作用,对其在地震反演成像中的数学物理含义进行了分析.Hessian算子是误差泛函对模型参数的二阶导数,反映了误差泛函对模型变化的二次型特征.分析声波方程下的Hessian算子的格林函数表达形式,发现其表达了整个观测系统和子波频带等因素对地震数据空间到模型空间投影过程的影响.提出了两种分别适用于最小二乘偏移和全波形反演的Hessian算子简化格式.平面波Hessian算子应用于最小二乘偏移能够得到相对保真的成像结果,改善了地震偏移成像的精度.地下偏移距Hessian算子应用于全波形反演能够加快反演迭代的计算效率.最后,对Hessian算子在地震反演成像中的价值进行了讨论和评价.     

局部指数标架小波束在复杂介质方向照明分析中的应用

提出了用局部指数标架小波束进行角度域分解的方法,解决了局部余弦基和局部正弦基缺乏单一方向性的问题.局部指数标架由局部余弦基和局部正弦基线性组合而成,是冗余度为2的紧标架.利用局部余弦变换和局部正弦变换的快速算法,能使基于局部指数标架进行方向照明分析的计算效率较常用的局部倾斜叠加和Gabor-Daubechies标架等方法具有更为明显的优势.通过计算二维SEG/EAGE模型和SIGSBEE模型的方向照明图以及采集系统倾角响应图证实了本文方法的有效性.该方法的高效性使其在三维模型的方向照明分析和大规模的工业应用中具有广阔前景.     

单程波角度域内压制多次波偏移假象

多次波偏移中的假象主要来自于不同地震事件之间的互相关,由于这种互相关满足成像条件,很难直接在偏移过程中去除.但是对于准确的速度模型,真实的成像结果在角度域内应该是平直的.根据这个判断准则,可以在角度域内移除多次波偏移中的假象.本文以数据自相关偏移为例,提出了在单程波多次波偏移中移除假象的主要流程:首先在在单程波偏移过程中高效地提取角度域共成像点道集,然后对角度域共成像点道集应用高分辨率的抛物线型Radon变换,用合适的切除函数处理后,反变换回到角度域,最后叠加各个角度成分,得到偏移结果.Marmousi模型的合成数据测试表明,这种方法可以很好地压制多次波偏移过程中产生的假象,有效地提高成像结果的信噪比.