风光发电系统在无人值守地震台站的设计

风光互补发电技术在边防、通信、公路等已得到广泛应用,能否将这一绿色、清洁、可再生能源应用于地震无人值守台站,山东省在龙口地震台已做先期试点,通过一年试运行,风光互补发电系统能够满足地震无人值守台站的工作要求。     

基于谱修正方法的非高斯风场模拟

为克服基于H erm ite谱修正方法的缺点,减少该方法中计算H erm ite多项式系数所需耗费的大量机时,提出了一种模拟非高斯风压场的新方法,采用非高斯累积分布函数（CDF）映射技术来代替基于H erm ite的概率密度函数（PDF）修正。选择任意边缘PDF模型作为概率目标模型,采用目标功率谱密度（PSD）作为样本函数,通过迭代修正该样本函数,使其收敛于目标概率密度函数和目标功率谱密度。将该方法应用于实际结构的非高斯风场模拟,模拟结果与目标谱符合良好,表明本文方法模拟非高斯风场具有较高的精确度和计算效率。     

Grouping response method for equivalent static wind loads based on a modified LRC method

Wind loading is one of the most important loads for controlling the design of large-span roof structures.Equivalent static wind loads,which can generally aim at determining a specific response,are wid...     

The comparison of altimeter retrieval algorithms of the wind speed and the wave period

With the launch of altimeter,much effort has been made to develop algorithms on the wind speed and the wave period.By using a large data set of collocated altimeter and buoy measurements,the typical wind speed and wave period algorithms are validated.Based on theoretical argument and the concept of wave age,a semi-empirical algorithm for the wave period is also proposed,which has the wave-period dimension,and explicitly demonstrates the relationships between the wave period and the other variables.It is found that Ku and C band data should be applied simultaneously in order to improve either wind speed or wave period algorithms.The dual-band algorithms proposed by Chen et al.(2002) for the wind speed and Quilfen et al.(2004) for the wave period perform best in terms of a root mean square error in the practical applications.     

Studies of TLP dynamic response under wind, waves and current

Investigated is the coupled response of a tension leg platform (TLP) for random waves. Inferred are the mass matrix, coupling stiffness matrix, damping matrix in the vibration differential equation and external load of TLP in moving coordinating system. Infinitesimal method is applied to divide columns and pontoons into small parts. Time domain motion equation is solved by Runge-Kutta integration scheme. Jonswap spectrum is simulated in the random wave, current is simulated by linear interpolation, and NPD spectrum is applied as wind spectrum. The Monte Carlo method is used to simulate random waves and fluctuated wind. Coupling dynamic response, change of tendon tension and riser tension in different sea conditions are analyzed by power spectral density (PSD). The influence of approach angle on dynamic response of TLP and tendon tension is compared.     

Offshore wind capital cost estimation in the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf—A reference class approach

Offshore wind power developed rapidly in Northern Europe in the first decade of the 21st century and is expected to spread to Southern Europe, North America and Asia before 2020. To date, no projects have been built offshore North America because of the high development costs and economic risk and uncertain profitability. The purpose of this paper is to review the development cost of constructing offshore wind farms to inform the U.S. market. The capital expenditures of a reference class of 18 European wind farms constructed after 2005 with monopile foundations are normalized to proxy U.S. capital cost. Regression models are developed to investigate the physical features that influence expenditures. U.S. capital costs are expected to range between $4 and $5.6 million/MW for projects built between 2012 and 2015. Capital costs increase with increasing water depth and steel prices. For most farm components, capital expenditures are expected to be similar in Europe and the U.S., but the installation markets differ and this may impact the reliability of the reference class approach.     

长江水下三角洲沉积物柱状样重金属垂向分布特征

对长江水下三角洲3个沉积物柱状样进行粒度分析、²¹⁰Pb测年,并测定其中Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn等重金属元素和Al等常量元素的含量,得到了沉积物粒度、粘土含量、重金属含量的垂向分布曲线和沉积物测年数据。通过相关分析来研究沉积物中的Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn等重金属、粒度、Al相互之间的关系;以Al为参照元素对这4种重金属进行归一化处理,分析其归一化前后的垂向分布特征。结果表明,Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn 4种重金属元素在此区域的地球化学行为相似,其分布受细颗粒沉积物的吸附和胶体的絮凝作用共同控制;近一二十年来,该区域的Cr、Cu、Pb含量并没有显著增加,Zn有轻微污染。此外,CJ19柱中Cu存在异常峰值,可能是特大风暴潮事件对研究区浅水区底质沉积物中重金属的分布造成的影响。     

基于QuikSCAT卫星遥感风场的台风最大风速半径反演及个例分析

建立了一种卫星遥感风场的最大风速半径(Rmax )反演方法.该方法基于 QuikSCAT 风场,结合 JTWC 台风参数资料,将遥感平均风剖面与 Holland 台风模型进行最小二乘法拟合来反演 Rmax.2001-2009年13个台风69幅数据反演结果统计分析表明:用气压表征台风强度的 P 算法遥感反演结果与 JTWC 分析结果的标准差为10.7 km,效果较好.此外,通过0513、0519和0221 3个典型台风过程的 Rmax 演变情况分析表明:对于对称性结构较好的成熟台风,反演结果能较好地反映出不同台风的 Rmax 尺寸差别,台风过程中 Rmax 的演变情况符合台风发展情况;台风风场对称性差、地形以及背景流场的影响,是导致 Rmax 反演出现较大偏差主要因素.     

0917号台风“芭玛”折向东南向移动原因分析

利用NCEP全球数据同化系统(GDAS)1°×1°分析资料,对0917号台风"芭玛"折向东南向移动原因进行了分析。结果表明,中高纬度环流调整是"芭玛"折向东南向移动的根本原因;0918号台风"茉莉"通过改变外围环境场的强度、形状对"芭玛"台风产生间接影响,而两台风之间逆时针互旋以及台风"茉莉"外围强大的环流对台风"芭玛"的直接作用是台风"芭玛"折向东南向移动的关键。对台风"芭玛"经纬向UV最大风速变化诊断分析表明,"芭玛"经纬向UV最大风速中心的转移对"芭玛"折向东南向移动有重要影响,经纬向UV最大风速差的变化对"芭玛"转向具有预示作用,经纬向最大风速差的合成风方向与台风中心未来移动方向有一定的关系。     

“威马逊”台风暴潮增水及水动力响应数值模拟

基于河口海岸水动力三维数值计算模型,建立浙江沿海天文潮与风暴潮耦合预报模式。利用该模式,对经过浙江沿海海域的台风"威马逊"进行数值计算,风暴潮增水计算结果与实测值符合较好,误差基本在±20 cm以内。计算增水值与传统的调和分析法所得的增水结果相比,也较为一致。进一步对局部水动力响应的研究发现,风暴潮期间,局部地区从底到表各层水流流速均急剧增大或减小,其值达到了与天文潮流同等的数量级。当水流流向与风向相同或相近时,流速增大,相反时,则流速减小。且台风期间,各层水流流向也随风向发生改变,流态变得更加复杂。