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41.
A Stable Carbon Isotope Study of the Food-web in a Freshwater-deprived South African Estuary, with Particular Emphasis on the Ichthyofauna 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The importance of macrophytes as food sources for estuarine nekton is unclear. Previous carbon isotope investigations in the macrophyte-dominated, freshwater-deprived Kariega Estuary showed that the bivalveSolen cylindraceusdid not utilize the dominant estuarine macrophytes found within the estuary as a primary food source. This finding prompted questions as to what the nekton of this estuary utilize as primary energy sources. δ13C analyses of the principal autochthonous and allochthonous primary carbon sources, as well as the dominant invertebrate and fish species, indicate that there are two main carbon pathways within the Kariega Estuary. The littoral community, which incorporates the majority of crustaceans, gobies, mullet and a sparid, utilizes δ13C enriched primary food sources namelySpartina maritima,Zosteracapensis and epiphytes. The channel fauna, which includes the zooplankton, zooplanktivorous and piscivorous fish, utilizes a primary food source depleted in δ13C, which is most likely a mixture of phytoplankton, terrestrial plant debris and C4macrophyte detritus. The C3saltmarsh macrophytesSarcocornia perennisandChenolea diffusa, as well as benthic microalgae, appear to be less important as primary food sources to the nekton of the Kariega Estuary. 相似文献
42.
Seasonal Changes in Nitrogen, Free Amino Acids, and C/N Ratio in Mediterranean Seagrasses 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Abstract. Seasonal changes in nitrogen, free amino acids, and carbon were investigated in the three Mediterranean seagrasses Posidonia oceanica, Cymodocea nodosa , and Zostera noltii. Leaves, rhizomes, roots, as well as dead plant material were analysed separately. Highest N-concentrations were obtained in the winter months, regardless of species or plant part. In contrast to the other two species, the N-content in Posidonia was higher in the rhizomes than in the leaves.
In the investigated species, marked differences in the free amino acid (FAA) composition were detected between species: Proline, lacking in Posidonia , was the main component in Cymodocea. In Posidonia , FAA decreased from 320umol g-1 (dry wt) in leaf sheaths to 1.5 umol g-1 (dry wt) in the leaf tips. The function of proline as a possible storage and/or stress metabolite is discussed.
High C/N values in dead P. oceanica and C. nodosa rhizomes as well as in P. oceanica wrack seem to be related to considerable resistance to decomposition. Low C/N ratios did not increase in detached C. nodosa and Z. noltii leaves, which began to decompose shortly after detachment from the plants. 相似文献
In the investigated species, marked differences in the free amino acid (FAA) composition were detected between species: Proline, lacking in Posidonia , was the main component in Cymodocea. In Posidonia , FAA decreased from 320umol g
High C/N values in dead P. oceanica and C. nodosa rhizomes as well as in P. oceanica wrack seem to be related to considerable resistance to decomposition. Low C/N ratios did not increase in detached C. nodosa and Z. noltii leaves, which began to decompose shortly after detachment from the plants. 相似文献
43.
Cross-flow ultrafiltration (CFF) is often used to obtain separation and concentration of colloids from bulk natural water samples. Application of the ultrafiltration permeation model allows the quantitative determination of the low molecular weight material (LMW, < 1 kDa) and colloids in bulk dissolved organic matter (DOM) from measurements of time series permeate samples obtained from CFF. Detailed analysis of a Yukon River water sample shows that DOM absorption coefficient and fluorescence follow the permeation model and that the complex spectral optical properties of LMW DOM can be reconstructed from CFF data. A combination of measured and modeled data indicates that the LMW contribution to bulk DOM optical properties obtained from CFF can be grossly underestimated by the use of a low concentration factor (CF, the ratio of initial sample volume to retentate volume). Even at a relatively high CF of 19, optical properties of LMW DOM calculated from measurements of the retentate or integrated permeate would underestimate true values by 5–36%. In the Yukon River sample, LMW dissolved organic carbon represented 26% of the bulk concentration, but only 3–14% of the colored DOM was in the LMW fraction while 31–33% of bulk DOM florescence was due to LMW DOM. The contrasting optical properties of LMW and colloidal DOM support the concept that analysis of bulk DOM absorption and fluorescence properties reveals information about DOM molecular weight. 相似文献
44.
福建近海主要经济渔业生物营养级和有机碳含量研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文研究了福建近海52种鱼类、6种虾类、4种蟹类、1种虾蛄和4种头足类的食性和营养级及其有机碳含量。结果表明:营养级以鱼类最高,为2.1~3.7级,平均2.65级;头足类为2.04~2.88级,平均2.60级;蟹类2.38~2.73级,平均2.58级;虾类最低,为1.64~2.21级,平均1.96级.干样有机碳含量百分率也以鱼类最高,为33.0%~76.2%(m/m),平均46.25%(m/m);头足类为27.80%~46.16%(m/m),平均40.24%(m/m);虾类为30.60%~38.40%(m/m),平均34.90%(m/m);蟹类最低,为25.00%~30.78%(m/m),平均28.24%(m/m),鲜样有机碳含量百分率还是以鱼类最高,为4.80%~29.55%(m/m),平均13.75%(m/m);蟹类为8.90%~12.68%(m/m),平均10.74%(m/m);虾类为6.97%~11.53%(m/m),平均9.55%(m/m);头足类最低仅为7.38%~8.52%(m/m),平均7.95%(m/m),干样有机碳含量百分率和鲜样有机碳含量百分率与营养级均成正相关,但前者的相关性高于后者。 相似文献
45.
胶州湾海水中颗粒有机碳含量的分布与变化 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
本文报道了胶州湾表层海水及C_3和D_3站中层和底层水中的颗粒有机碳(POC)的分布与变化规律。结果表明,胶州湾POC年平均浓度为155~410μg/L;平面分布有明显的规律性,近岸和河口一带的含量较高,湾中部较低,湾口诸站为最低;垂直分布有个别数值偏高或偏低现象,但没有明显的规律;季节变化较明显,初春较高,秋季较低。 相似文献
46.
Katsumi Matsumoto 《Journal of Oceanography》2006,62(6):887-902
Iron fertilization of nutrient-rich surface waters of the ocean is one possible way to help slow the rising levels of atmospheric
CO2 by sequestering it in the oceans via biological carbon export. Here, I use an ocean general circulation model to simulate
a patch of nutrient depletion in the subpolar northwest Pacific under various scenarios. Model results confirm that surface
fertilization is an inefficient way to sequester carbon from the atmosphere (Gnanadesikan et al., 2003), since only about 20% of the exported carbon comes initially from the atmosphere. Fertilization reduces future production
and thus CO2 uptake by utilizing nutrients that would otherwise be available later. Effectively, this can be considered as leakage when
compared to a control run. This “effective” leakage and the actual leakage of sequestered CO2 cause a significant, rapid decrease in carbon retention (only 30–45% retained after 10 years and less than 20% after 50 years).
This contrasts markedly with the almost 100% retention efficiency for the same duration using the same model, when carbon
is disposed directly into the northwest Pacific (Matsumoto and Mignone, 2005). As a consequence, the economic effectiveness
of patch fertilization is poor in two limiting cases of the future price path of carbon. Sequestered carbon in patch fertilization
is lost to the atmosphere at increasingly remote places as time passes, which would make monitoring exceedingly difficult.
If all organic carbon from one-time fertilization reached the ocean bottom and remineralized there, acidification would be
about −0.05 pH unit with O2 depletion about −20 μmol kg−1. These anomalies are probably too small to seriously threaten deep sea biota, but they are underestimated in the model because
of its large grid size. The results from this study offer little to advocate purposeful surface fertilization as a serious
means to address the anthropogenic carbon problem. 相似文献
47.
48.
秋茄和榕树叶片中正构烷烃分布和单体化合物δ13C值及其光合作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对深圳福田、阳江、海南新竹红树林秋茄Kandelia candel及海口榕树Ficusm icrocarpa叶中类脂物进行萃取,分离出正构烷烃,通过气相色谱(GC)及色谱-质谱(GC MS)分析,测出了正构烷烃的碳数分布和相对含量.气相色谱-稳定同位素比质谱仪(GC-IRMS)测定了正构烷烃单体化合物的稳定同位素组成δ13C.秋茄叶和榕树叶正构烷烃的碳数分布均为C17C33,主要集中在C23-C31(>90%).化合物含量最高为C27的有深圳福田秋茄、海南新竹秋茄、海口榕树,而阳江秋茄为C25.单体化合物的稳定同位素δ13C深圳福田秋茄为-31.42‰-34.48‰,阳江秋茄为-31.69‰-33.62‰,海南新竹秋茄为-30.30‰-33.04‰,海口榕树为-29.92‰33.56‰;平均值分别为-32.95‰、32.67‰、31.67‰、-31.74‰.结果表明,秋茄和陆地植物榕树的光合作用都是通过C3途径,是典型C3植物. 相似文献
49.
The common assumption that the ratio between particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate 234Th obtained from shallow sediment traps and filterable particles are representative of the ratio in the total particle settling flux should be treated with caution in view of well-known biases associated with tethered shallow sediment traps and the decoupling between size and settling velocity of many natural particle regimes. To make progress toward reliably constraining the POC / 234Th ratio on truly settling particles, we have tested here a settling collection technique designed to remove any hydrodynamic bias; split flow-thin cell fractionation (SPLITT). These first results from a North Sea fjord and an open Baltic Sea time-series station indicates that the POC / 234Th ratio on the more complete particle-settling spectrum, isolated with SPLITT, was higher than the POC / 234Th ratio obtained simultaneously from tethered shallow sediment traps in seven out of seven parallel deployments with an average factor of 210%. The POC / 234Th ratio from the SPLITT was either in the same range or higher than that obtained on filtered “bulk” particles. To explain this novel data we hypothesize that the slowest settling fraction is organic-matter rich and does not strongly complex 234Th (i.e., high POC / 234Th). We suggest that this ultra-slow sinking fraction is better collected by SPLITT than with tethered sediment traps because of minimized hydrodynamic bias.This was tested using the ratio of POC / Al as a tracer of detrital mineral-ballast influenced settling velocity. The higher POC / Al ratios in SPLITT samples relative to in traps is consistent with the hypothesis that SPLITT is better suited for collecting also the slow-settling component of sinking particles. This important slow-settling component appears to here consist primarily of non-APS/TEP components of plankton exudates or other less-strongly 234Th-complexing organic matter. Further applications of the SPLITT technique are likely to return increasingly new insights on the composition (including “truly settling” POC / 234Th) of the total spectrum of particles settling out of the upper ocean. 相似文献
50.
The physical and chemical variability of the water column at subtidal station of an estuary in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan,
was studied over a 24-hour period during a spring tide (tidal range ca. 2 m) in May 1995. Surface water and several depths through the water column were monitored every one and two hours, respectively.
At each occasion, water temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen concentration were measured and water samples were collected
for the determination of nutrients and suspended particulate matter (SPM). Disruptive changes in the physical and chemical
characteristics of the water was produced by the tidal cycle and the mixing of water masses of different origin. These changes
were highly significant both spatially and temporally, yet with varying effects on physical parameters, nutrients and the
different components of SPM. Significant differences in nutrient concentrations were also observed when the data-set was divided
into ebb and flood components, irrespective of the depth. Nitrate and nitrite rose to 1.8 times higher during the flood. Spatial
differences of SPM were less marked than those of nutrients, only particulate organic carbon (POC) being significantly higher
at the surface than in the intermediate and the lower layer. Both POC and pheopigment concentrations increased markedly through
the water column, being highest shortly before the lower low tide. In contrast, suspended solid (SS) content increased sharply
after the lower low tide (>40 mg l−1) and this coincided with a marked decrease of the C/SS content (<20 mg g−1). The lagtime between POC and SS tidal transport was caused by particle resuspension from the exposed intertidal sediments
as the tidal level rose, and particle transport selection in relation to the tidal state.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献