贵州省地质灾害气象预警系统

从降水（特别是暴雨）是地质灾害的主要自然诱因这一基本事实出发，通过对地质灾害和对应气象资料的分析，探讨地质灾害的发生与气象条件之间的关系，提出了一套基于降雨量指标的地质灾害气象预警方法。作者综合考虑前期累积雨量、降雨类型和实时雨量等关键指标，建立了一定地质环境条件下灾害的气象预警模型。在此基础上，应用先进的软件技术开发研制了贵州省地质灾害气象预警系统，并于2003午汛期投入业务试运行，开展地质灾害气象预警眼务。该系统实时运行在气象业务网络环境中，高效稳定、功能全面．自动进行全省地质灾害气象条件的动态监测和模型计算，利用精细化乡镇雨量观测网和地质灾害隐患点资料，可实现对全省各地到乡镇一级的地质灾害气象条件预警，每日制作发布全省地质灾害气象条件预警报告，提供生动直观的预警图、表及相应的地质灾害隐患点信息：该系统经过在实践应用中不断改进完善，形成了以应用全省精细化乡镇雨量观测资料和针对地质灾害隐患分布的特色。该系统投入业务运行以来建立了汛期业务值班制度，向省委首政府、国土民政等有关部门进行有效的地质灾害气象预警服务，对系统运行情况进行地质灾害实例检验取得了较好的预警效果，服务工作取得了明显的社会效益。由于该系统的开发主要是从气象条件的角度出发，虽考虑了地质灾害隐患的分布情况，但对导致地质灾害发生的地喷环境条件的分析应用还显不够。最后，作者也指出了需要进一步改进的方向。     

Rural restructuring in Hungary in the period of socio-economic transition

Rural settlements in Hungary account for 93% of all settlements and 37% of the country's population. Since 1989 they are scenes of spectacular changes. Based on some case studies of less developed villages this paper considers the most important characteristics of the post-socialist rural transformation by examining the local economy and living conditions. The main issues are how local actors (for example, economic corporations, households and individuals) have been affected by the interaction of supralocal and local factors and how they responded to them. Such responses can be considered to be manifestations of survival strategy.     

一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法

提高计算精度和运算效率是所有波场正演方法所追求的目标,本文通过将速度 （应力）对时间的奇数阶高阶寻数转化为应力（速度）对空间的导数,运用时间和空间差分精度 均可达任意阶的高阶差分法,通过交错网格技术,对一阶速度－应力弹性波方程进行了数值求 解．波场快照以及实际模型的正演结果表明,这种求解一阶弹性波方程的高阶差分解法,和 常规的差分法相比网格频散显著减小,精度明显提高,而且可以取较大的空间步长,提高计算 效率。     

广义塑性力学的加卸载准则与土的本构模型——广义塑性力学讲座(3)

首先介绍了广义塑性力学的加卸载准则,该准则能准确判断各应变分量的加卸载状态,可以方便地应用于数值分析。然后提出了基于广义塑性力学的土本构模型。通过试验,给出了硬化压缩土和硬化剪胀土的屈服条件与计算参数,并由算例说明了其合理性。     

Conditions of Petroleum Geology of the Qiangtang Basin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau located in the Tethyan tectonic domain is the best developed region of Mesozoic and Cenozoic marine sediments in China. The Qiangtang basin is the biggest and relatively stable area of the plateau. Triassic and Jurassic hydrocarbon source rocks are extensively distributed in the basin. There exist good dolomite and organic reef reservoirs and mudstone and evaporite cap rocks, as well as well-developed structural traps in the basin; in addition destroyed petroleum traps have been discovered. Therefore, the conditions of petroleum geology in the Qiangtang basin are excellent     

宁芜地区陆相火山-沉积黄铁矿矿床形成的有利条件

宁芜地区属于长江中下游多金属成矿带的中部 ,产有多处黄铁矿矿床 ,一些已达到大型矿床规模。它们形成的地质环境具有显著的火山热水沉积成矿特征。充足的物质来源、巨大的热源、热水系统演化的完整性、成矿盆地极好的封闭性和同沉积期构造发育等 ,为黄铁矿矿床的形成提供了有利条件。     

Karst hydrogeology and origin of thermal waters in the Codru Moma Mountains, Romania

 Two karst areas within Permian and Triassic carbonate rocks of the Codru Moma Mountains in the northwestern part of Romania yield thermal waters. Major karst springs occur where groundwater flow is intercepted by hydraulic barriers, which also results in the movement of water from deeper levels. At Moneasa, thermal groundwater rises along faults and fractures associated with a thrust, and at Vascau Town, water rises along faults marginal to the Beius Basin. Geochemistry suggests that the thermal component of the Moneasa groundwaters is derived from dolomites and that at least a proportion of the Vascau thermal waters originates from deeply buried Permian sandstones. Received, August 1999 / Revised, March 2000 / Accepted, March 2000     

我国微细浸染型金矿床的形成条件及成矿作用特征

微细浸染型金矿床是我国主要的热液金矿床类型之一,空间上多分布于扬子地台周边地区,其产出受大地构造背景及地层、构造和一定的热动力条件的控制.我国该类型金矿床成矿作用总体具有如下特点:①矿化点多面广,但规模相对较小;②区域上金矿化常与Hg、Sb、As及U等元素低温热液矿床密切共(伴)生;③矿床形成具多期多阶段性,且其成因复杂多样;④成矿时代主要为印支晚期-燕山期.     

城市群形成演化的背景条件分析--以关中城市群为例

分析了城市群形成的自然背影与社会经济背景,指出内聚力、辐射力和内部功能联系是城市群形成的支撑体系。历史基础和区位条件是关中城市群兴起的前提,资源开发和工业项目的建设加速了城市群的发展,发达的交通网络成为城市群体形成的纽带,商品经济,特别是发达的农业促进了城市群体的形成。关中城市群的演化经历了孤立城市阶段、城市群萌芽阶段、城市群发展的停滞和动荡阶段、城市区域阶段、城市群阶段。最后提出关中城市群的演化     

Sandstorms and desertification

1 Sandstorm and Damage Over the last twenty years resources exploitation and utilization have been quickened on the one hand and on the other hand the impact has also been exterted on natural eco-environment along with the rapid development of industrial and agricultural production. Resultant sandstorms from aggrevated desertification due to excessive reclamation and overgrazing induced desertification have become a frequent disasterous weather occurred in spring in northern China which tends …