TP－86A中断功能的开发

提出在ＴＰ－８６Ａ机上无需外接８２５９Ａ，直接使用机上的８２５５Ａ设置中断类型号以实现中断传送的方法。此法不仅适用于单中断源，还可方便地实现中断嵌套，使ＴＰ－８６Ａ机的使用更加方便。     

FITSIO软件包的简介及应用举例

简单介绍了用于读写FITS格式文件的FITSIO软件包的主要功能和特点。利用该软件包对 SDSS(Sloan Digital Sky Survey)数据中椭圆星系NGC4044和漩涡星系NGC5227的g,r,i三个波段的 FITS图像文件进行了重新读写,使这三个波段的FITS文件中天体的坐标完全对应。并以此合成了“真彩图”和“颜色分布图”,可以清楚地看出这些星系不同位置处颜色的变化。     

星载合成孔径雷达成像处理

合成孔经雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)是当今微波遥感领域的研究热点,其全天候、全天时、高分辨率以及穿透地表等特点使其具备其他传感器不可比拟的优势,因此得到了极其广泛的应用。成像处理是SAR技术的核心部分。分析了星载SAR点目标回波信号模型和几种常用的星载SAR数字成像处理算法。以距离-多普勒算法为例,阐述了距离压缩和方位压缩的实质,详细讨论了多普勒参数估计、距离徙动校正和斑点噪声的去除等几个关键的问题。采用ERS-1卫星数据做了成像实验,并对SAR成像技术加以总结。     

高稳定度频率计的设计

介绍了一种高稳定度频率计。该频率计采用彩电副载频作为内时基并引进了单片微机系统，因此有很高的频率稳定度及准确度，各种辅助功能强。体积小，耗电省，尤其适用于野外条件下的频率测量和校准。     

纳秒级脉冲信号的波形预测与重构

带宽不够、波形易失真是纳秒级脉冲信号测量中存在的主要问题.以测量系统的方波标定数据为标准建立测量系统的差分方程和卷积两种模型,并分别运用于实际试验的双指数脉冲信号的波形预测和重构中,对比两种模型的信号处理结果发现,卷积模型比差分方程模型更适用于纳秒级脉冲信号的波形预测和重构.     

An Overview of Surface-Based Precipitation Observations at Environment and Climate Change Canada

The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the present status and procedures related to surface precipitation observations at Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC). This work was done to support the ongoing renewal of observation systems and networks at the Meteorological Service of Canada. The paper focusses on selected parameters, namely, accumulated precipitation, precipitation intensity, precipitation type, rainfall, snowfall, and radar reflectivity. Application-specific user needs and requirements are defined and captured by World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Expert Teams at the international level by Observing Systems Capability Analysis and Review (OSCAR) and WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS), and by ECCC user engagement initiatives within the Canadian context. The precipitation-related networks of ECCC are separated into those containing automatic instruments, those with human (manual) observers, and the radar network. The unique characteristics and data flow for each of these networks, the instrument and installation characteristics, processing steps, and limitations from observation to data distribution and storage are provided. A summary of precipitation instrument-dependent algorithms that are used in ECCC's Data Management System is provided. One outcome of the analysis is the identification of gaps in spatial coverage and data quality that are required to meet user needs. Increased availability of data, including from long-serving manual sites, and an increase in the availability of precipitation type and snowfall amount are identified as improvements that would benefit many users. Other recognized improvements for in situ networks include standardized network procedures, instrument performance adjustments, and improved and sustained access to data and metadata from internal and external networks. Specific to radar, a number of items are recognized that can improve quantitative precipitation estimates. Increased coverage for the radar network and improved methods for assessing and portraying radar data quality would benefit precipitation users.     

Why are sustainable practices often elusive? The role of information flow in the management of networked human-environment interactions

Analyzing the spatial and temporal properties of information flow with a multi-century perspective could illuminate the sustainability of human resource-use strategies. This paper uses historical and archaeological datasets to assess how spatial, temporal, cognitive, and cultural limitations impact the generation and flow of information about ecosystems within past societies, and thus lead to tradeoffs in sustainable practices. While it is well understood that conflicting priorities can inhibit successful outcomes, case studies from Eastern Polynesia, the North Atlantic, and the American Southwest suggest that imperfect information can also be a major impediment to sustainability. We formally develop a conceptual model of Environmental Information Flow and Perception (EnIFPe) to examine the scale of information flow to a society and the quality of the information needed to promote sustainable coupled natural-human systems. In our case studies, we assess key aspects of information flow by focusing on food web relationships and nutrient flows in socio-ecological systems, as well as the life cycles, population dynamics, and seasonal rhythms of organisms, the patterns and timing of species’ migration, and the trajectories of human-induced environmental change. We argue that the spatial and temporal dimensions of human environments shape society’s ability to wield information, while acknowledging that varied cultural factors also focus a society’s ability to act on such information. Our analyses demonstrate the analytical importance of completed experiments from the past, and their utility for contemporary debates concerning managing imperfect information and addressing conflicting priorities in modern environmental management and resource use.     

数字地形分析方法研究的维度——精准、高效、易用

数字地形分析基于数字高程模型计算各种地形信息,在诸多地理现象和地理过程的定量刻画和模拟中都发挥着不可或缺的重要作用。作为地理信息空间分析的一个基本组成内容、GIS的必备功能之一,数字地形分析的方法研究不断深化、扩展。本文从一个新的视角,即方法研究的维度,对该领域已有工作及发展趋势进行梳理,将数字地形分析方法研究工作归纳为依次显现出的3个研究维度：① 精准,即如何设计新的数字地形分析方法以更准确、精确地计算出符合地理学认知、满足应用领域问题求解所需的地形信息;② 高效,即如何使数字地形分析的计算更高效;③ 易用,即如何使数字地形分析对于应用者（尤其是相关应用领域中非数字地形分析专家的用户）更易用。特别是近年新显现出的“易用”研究维度,通过研究设计数字地形分析领域应用建模知识的形式化表达及相应的推理应用方法,有望实现数字地形分析应用工作流的智能化构建,满足实际应用中对数字地形分析的易用性需求;同时,其研究思路和方法也可为地理信息空间分析中诸多其他分支领域解决所面临的类似问题提供借鉴。     

The derivation of an Arctic sea ice normal through temporal mixture analysis of satellite imagery

The use of temporal mixture analysis (TMA) for creating a long-term baseline, or environmental “normal” is described. TMA is a promising analysis method derived from the hyperspectral image processing technique of spectral mixture analysis (SMA). TMA is algebraically identical to SMA, except that it is applied to temporal spectra rather than to electromagnetic spectra. TMA has particular potential to extract climate signals from long image sequences.     

基于南方测绘软件下的全站仪编码测量研究

城市测量用到最多的仪器就是全站仪,全站仪野外测图主要使用草图法和编码法,这两个方法有各自的优势。本文对编码引导法技术进行了研究,极大地提高了外业生产和内业成图的效率。