岸滩侧蚀崩塌速率的试验量测方法

岸滩侧蚀崩塌现象普遍存在于冲积河流演变过程中,是河道治理需重点关注的问题之一,岸滩侧蚀崩塌速率的准确量测则是崩岸机理及其治理措施研究的关键基础。基于图像处理技术,建立了河岸侧蚀崩塌速率试验量测系统,通过图像追踪河岸模型上边缘示踪网格位置变迁,提出了一种河岸侧蚀崩塌速率测量方法。以试验水槽为例,对河岸侧蚀崩塌速率进行了量测,并与经验公式计算值进行了比对,两者基本吻合,可较好地反映流速、土体级配等岸滩侧蚀崩塌速率的影响因素及其变化规律。研究成果可为江河崩岸机理的深入研究提供技术支撑。     

Semantic and syntactic interoperability in online processing of big Earth observation data

ABSTRACT

The challenge of enabling syntactic and semantic interoperability for comprehensive and reproducible online processing of big Earth observation (EO) data is still unsolved. Supporting both types of interoperability is one of the requirements to efficiently extract valuable information from the large amount of available multi-temporal gridded data sets. The proposed system wraps world models, (semantic interoperability) into OGC Web Processing Services (syntactic interoperability) for semantic online analyses. World models describe spatio-temporal entities and their relationships in a formal way. The proposed system serves as enabler for (1) technical interoperability using a standardised interface to be used by all types of clients and (2) allowing experts from different domains to develop complex analyses together as collaborative effort. Users are connecting the world models online to the data, which are maintained in a centralised storage as 3D spatio-temporal data cubes. It allows also non-experts to extract valuable information from EO data because data management, low-level interactions or specific software issues can be ignored. We discuss the concept of the proposed system, provide a technical implementation example and describe three use cases for extracting changes from EO images and demonstrate the usability also for non-EO, gridded, multi-temporal data sets (CORINE land cover).     

GIS professional development for teachers: lessons learned from high-needs schools

University faculty partners from the Departments of Geography and Instruction and Teacher Education at a large, public university collaborated with K-12 teachers and the leadership of a rural school district in order to investigate the crosscutting content of science, mathematics, and geography through the integration of web-based GIS technologies. The project explored the critical connections among technology, pedagogy, and content with a particular emphasis on developing technology-enhanced, inquiry-based lessons in which the teachers and their students used GIS technologies to analyze, visualize, and present data in real-world contexts. The findings highlight the importance of well-structured professional development that builds community, integrates diverse content and pedagogical expertise, provides feedback and coaching, and is of sufficient duration to effect change.     

CSAMT与AMT数据“拼接”处理——以湖南仁里铌钽矿床7号剖面为例

音频大地电磁测深(AMT)与可控源音频大地电磁测深(CSAMT)均为深部勘查常用方法。AMT方法采集频带较宽,但存在“死频带”,在“死频带”范围无法完全得到地质体响应。CSAMT信噪比高,但通常受发射功率的限制,收发距离一般放置不够远,容易过早进入“近区”。本文展示了将两种方法数据拼接组合的一种处理方式:首先在前人理论研究的基础上,利用CSAMT和AMT均匀半空间模型进行了正演计算,结果表明,CSAMT远区与AMT数据拼接具有可行性;选择湖南仁里铌钽矿床7号剖面的野外实测数据进行实验,将同测点位置的CSAMT远区数据和AMT同测点同模式数据相“拼接”,合成新AMT数据;最后进行反演,反演结果与钻探结果对应较好,表明该方法具有一定的效果。     

2011~2020年勘查地球化学数据处理研究进展

我国建立了包含海量数据的高质量的勘查地球化学数据库,为矿产勘查、环境评价和地质调查等提供了重要的数据支撑。如何高效处理勘查地球化学数据,并从中发掘和识别深层次信息一直是勘查地球化学学科研究的热点和前沿领域。本文在系统调研国内外学者过去十年发表的论著基础上,对勘查地球化学数据处理方法进行分析与对比,从勘查地球化学数据库建设、地球化学异常识别及其不确定性评价等方面概述了我国近十年来在该领域取得的主要研究进展,包括:(1)分形与多重分形模型由于考虑了地球化学空间模式的复杂性和尺度不变性,在全球范围内得到极大的发展和推广,我国学者引领了基于分形与多重分形的勘查地球化学数据处理;(2)机器学习和大数据思维开始在该领域启蒙,并迅速得到关注,正在成为研究热点和前沿领域,我国学者率先开展基于机器学习算法的勘查地球化学大数据挖掘研究;(3)我国学者需要进一步加强勘查地球化学数据缺失值处理以及成分数据闭合效应研究。今后该领域应进一步加强对弱缓地球化学异常识别、异常不确定性评价以及异常识别与其形成机理相结合等方面的研究。     

ASTER mapping of gypsum deposits of Thumrait region of southern Oman

This study demonstrates the use of ASTER data for the mapping of gypsum deposits and associated geological formations that occurred in the Thumrait region of southern Oman. The measurement of spectra over samples of gypsum in the 1,300–2,500 nm wavelength using a PIMA spectrometer showed the presence of distinct absorptions at 1400–1600, 1750, 1940, 2,100, and 2,400 nm characteristics to O? H stretching, H₂O combinations, and S? O bending overtones and stretching, respectively. Studying the unique spectral absorption characters of gypsum samples, we developed a false color composite (FCC) and an image by decorrelation stretch using the spectral bands 7, 3, and 2 of ASTER. The results FCC showed the regions of gypsum occurrences, and the decorrelated image discriminated the gypsum occurrences from other geological formations of the area. The study of surface mineralogy of the region using the VNIR‐SWIR bands by the spectral angle mapper method showed the presence of sulfate, carbonate, and clay minerals of the geological formations in the study area. We compared the results of ASTER with the results obtained using spectral bands 12, 8, and 4 of Sentinel‐2A processed by the same methods. The study showed that the spectral bands of ASTER can be used for mapping the gypsum and associated geological formations.     

基于脑电信号评价情绪状态及听觉激励对改善情绪的研究

如何从脑活动数据中发现具有生物学意义的知识及规律,正成为当今神经信息学理论与实践研究的热点与难点.基于脑电的情绪识别和情绪及其脑机制的关联研究已经成为神经工程和生物医学工程领域的热门课题.本研究基于脑电信号评价情绪状态,尝试借助脑电耳机来监测"毫无头绪"的脑电波,重点开展了听觉激励对改善焦虑情绪状态的实验研究.借助特定中国古风纯音乐产生听觉信号激励,激发出被试者平静放松的情绪状态,从而改善焦虑,发现音乐和情绪之间可能存在的关系.将来在BCI技术研究的基础之上,情绪识别可以进一步满足患有特定疾病（ALS症、脑瘫、脑干中风、脊髓损伤等）的患者人群的某些更高级的需求,即通过脑电分析出其对事物的喜好度,比如音乐的选择,从而设计出更加友善和智能的BCI系统,在医疗康复领域具有很好的应用前景.     

文本特征提取的研究进展

文本理解是人工智能的一个重要分支,其技术推动了人与计算机之间在自然语言上的有效交互.为了让计算机准确地理解和感知文本数据,文本特征提取是最为基础和关键的步骤之一.基于此,本文介绍文本特征提取研究的发展历史,以及近年来主流特征提取的方法,并对未来的研究方向进行展望.首先,介绍语义最底层的词级表示;接着,总结在词级表示基础上衍生出的句级表示上的研究进展;随后,介绍比词级表示和句级表示更高层的篇分析;最后,通过文本特征提取的一个典型应用——问答系统的介绍,阐述文本特征提取的最新方法和技术在问答系统上的应用,并对未来的研究方向做了展望.     

北京市GPS网解算时IGS站的选取实验

用实验的方法,讨论了北京市GPS台网在用GAMIT软件解算时,选取IGS基准站的空间分布(南北半球、网内网缘、均匀展布)、数量分布(0到8个IGS站)对解算结果精度的影响。由于受观测站数量和IGS站观测数据质量的影响,在保证精度的前提下,为了提高观测数据的利用率,需要增加IGS站数量。根据2004全年的解算结果,北京台网选择9到10个IGS站较为合适。     

国家数字地震台数据处理研究

为了突显被淹没在噪声背景下的有用信息,对国家数字地震台的数据处理方法进行了研究,并用Matlab程序给出了详细的设计过程。