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61.
大气中低频重力波指数与西南低涡发展及其暴雨的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用低频重力波指数法,对西南低涡发展演变及其暴雨强度,落区进行了诊断分析和预测。结果指出:(1)低频重力波指数Cp,Ci对西南低涡的发展及其暴雨强度,落区都有一定的预测意义,其预见期可达24小时以上;(2)低频重力波指数随时间变化与西南低涡发有较好的对应关系;(3)低频重力波指数的大小与西南低涡暴雨强度相联系;(4)西南低涡暴雨落区通常发生在Cp,Ci指数的最大负值区内和Cp等值线梯度最大的区域。 相似文献
62.
The statistical relationship between the summer monsoon rainfall over all India, northwest India and peninsular India, onset
dates of monsoon and the index of mid latitude, (35° to 70°N) meridional circulation at 500 hPa level over different sectors
and hemisphere based on 19 years (1971–1989) data, have been examined. The results indicate that (i) the summer monsoon rainfalls
over all India, northwest India and peninsular India show a significant inverse relationship with the strength of meridional
index during previous January over sector 45°W to 90°E. (ii) The summer monsoon rainfalls over all India and peninsular India
show a significant inverse relationship with the strength of meridional index during previous December over sector 90°E to
160°E, (iii) The summer monsoon rainfall over northwest India shows a significant direct relationship with the meridional
index during previous May over sector 160°E to 45°W.
Significant negative relationships are also observed between the meridional circulation indices of previous October (sector
3 and 4), previous December (sectors 1, 3 and 4), previous winter season (sector 3 and 4) and the onset dates of summer monsoon
over India. The meridional circulation index thus can have some possible use for long range forecasting of monsoon rainfall
over all India, northwest India and peninsular India, as well as the onset dates of monsoon. 相似文献
63.
Luo Zhexian 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1994,8(1):60-71
The computational formulae are given for single-contour constant-value vortex motion influenced by the Coriolis force in the framework of contour dynamics,by which four numerical computations are performed,the result exhibiting their validity. 相似文献
64.
A case of mesoscale convective complex(MCC)which evolved into a vortex is documented in this paper.As theMCC entered into the dissipating phase,a well-defined spirally banded structure became visible in the satellite image.The blackbody temperature(TBB)of the residual cold-cloud-shield indicates the vortex existed in the layer from 400 to250 hPa.According to the upper air analysis,the upper level vortex was an anticyclone.The MCC-generated vortex wasvisualized in the satellite images because it was located in the subtropical high where the wind field was very weak. 相似文献
65.
66.
Tao Zuyu Wang Hongqing Bai Jie Zhu Wenqin Shi Dingpu Yang Hongmei 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1995,9(2):184-189
A case of mesoscale convective complex(MCC) which evolved into a vortex is documented in this paper.As the MCC entered into the dissipating phase,a well-defined spirally banded structure became visible in the satellite image.The blackbody temperature(TBB) of the residual cold-cloud-shield indicates the vortex existed in the layer from 400 to 250 hPa.According to the upper air analysis,the upper level vortex was an anticyclone.The MCC-generated vortex was visualized in the satellite images because it was located in the subtropical high where the wind field was very weak. 相似文献
67.
A large sample of radar reflectivity data from essentially a full summer of operation was analyzed to determine the horizontal
extents and internal structure of rain areas observed at altitude levels from 2 to 10 km. Results are given on the size distributions
of individual cells or patches defined by reflectivity thresholds approximately 4 dBz apart, on the dependence of mean size
on altitude and reflectivity threshold, and on the interior structure of the patches as characterized by the number and sizes
of higher-threshold patches contained in each echo. In a more detailed analysis of internal structure, the data were restricted
to convective echoes in which certain prescribed reflectivities, ranging from about 30 to 50 dBz, were exceeded. It was found
that the dependence of mean quantities, such as patch area, on reflectivity and altitude could be approximately described
by simple functions, but that the scatter of observations about the mean was usually large. 相似文献
68.
Hydrodynamical Modeling Of Oceanic Vortices 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xavier Carton 《Surveys in Geophysics》2001,22(3):179-263
Mesoscale coherent vortices are numerous in the ocean.Though they possess various structures in temperature and salinity,they are all long-lived, fairly intense and mostly circular. Thephysical variable which best describes the rotation and the density anomaly associated with coherent vortices is potential vorticity. It is diagnostically related to velocity and pressure, when the vortex is stationary. Stationary vortices can be monopolar (circular or elliptical) or multipolar; their stability analysis shows thattransitions between the various stationary shapes are possible when they become unstable. But stable vortices can also undergo unsteady evolutions when perturbed by environmental effects, likelarge-scale shear or strain fields, -effect or topography. Changes in vortex shapes can also result from vortex interactions. such as the pairing, merger or vertical alignment of two vortices, which depend on their relative polarities and depths. Such interactions transfer energy and enstrophy between scales, and are essential in two-dimensional and in geostrophic turbulence. Finally, in relation with the observations, we describe a few mechanisms of vortex generation. 相似文献
69.
Data of neutral meridional wind obtained by the meteor radar at Esrange and data of temperature and pressure measured by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on board the Thermosphere–Ionosphere–Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) spacecraft were studied with respect to a day-to-day atmospheric variability with periods ranging from 1.5 to 5 days. The detailed analysis was carried out for February 2004. Perturbations of the atmospheric parameters at the examined periods appeared mainly as eastward-propagating waves of zonal wavenumbers 1 and 2. We suggested that these waves excited by the jet instability on both flanks of the polar-night jet in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere interact nonlinearly with each other, and this interaction generates secondary waves. The radar observed both primary and secondary waves at mesospheric heights. The data analysis supports this suggestion. Under conditions of weaker instability observed in February 2003 the perturbations of atmospheric parameters of periods ranging from 1.5 to 5 days had smaller amplitudes at heights of the mesosphere than those in February 2004. It was found that the Eliassen-Palm fluxes calculated for the waves generated by the jet instability were mainly downward directed. This result suggests a possible dynamical influence of the mesospheric layers on the lower atmospheric levels. 相似文献
70.
Sensitivity of Mesoscale Model Forecast During a Satellite Launch to Different Cumulus Parameterization Schemes in MM5 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The identification of the model discrepancy and skill is crucial when a forecast is issued. The characterization of the model
errors for different cumulus parameterization schemes (CPSs) provides more confidence on the model outputs and qualifies which
CPSs are to be used for better forecasts. Cases of good/bad skill scores can be isolated and clustered into weather systems
to identify the atmospheric structures that cause difficulties to the forecasts. The objective of this work is to study the
sensitivity of weather forecast, produced using the PSU-NCAR Mesoscale Model version 5 (MM5) during the launch of an Indian
satellite on 5th May, 2005, to the way in which convective processes are parameterized in the model. The real-time MM5 simulations
were made for providing the weather conditions near the launch station Sriharikota (SHAR). A total of 10 simulations (each
of 48 h) for the period 25th April to 04th May, 2005 over the Indian region and surrounding oceans were made using different
CPSs. The 24 h and 48 h model predicted wind, temperature and moisture fields for different CPSs, namely the Kuo, Grell, Kain-Fritsch
and Betts-Miller, are statistically evaluated by calculating parameters such as mean bias, root-mean-squares error (RMSE),
and correlation coefficients by comparison with radiosonde observation. The performance of the different CPSs, in simulating
the area of rainfall is evaluated by calculating bias scores (BSs) and equitable threat scores (ETSs). In order to compute
BSs and ETSs the model predicted rainfall is compared with Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) observed rainfall. It
was observed that model simulated wind and temperature fields by all the CPSs are in reasonable agreement with that of radiosonde
observation. The RMSE of wind speed, temperature and relative humidity do not show significant differences among the four
CPSs. Temperature and relative humidity were overestimated by all the CPSs, while wind speed is underestimated, except in
the upper levels. The model predicted moisture fields by all CPSs show substantial disagreement when compared with observation.
Grell scheme outperforms the other CPSs in simulating wind speed, temperature and relative humidity, particularly in the upper
levels, which implies that representing entrainment/detrainment in the cloud column may not necessarily be a beneficial assumption
in tropical atmospheres. It is observed that MM5 overestimates the area of light precipitation, while the area of heavy precipitation
is underestimated. The least predictive skill shown by Kuo for light and moderate precipitation asserts that this scheme is
more suitable for larger grid scale (>30 km). In the predictive skill for the area of light precipitation the Betts-Miller
scheme has a clear edge over the other CPSs. The evaluation of the MM5 model for different CPSs conducted during this study
is only for a particular synoptic situation. More detailed studies however, are required to assess the forecast skill of the
CPSs for different synoptic situations. 相似文献