On the Forced Tangentially-Averaged Radial- Vertical Circulation within Vortices Part Ⅰ: Concepts and Equations

将Eliassen建立在平面等压柱坐标系中的径向环流强迫理论（用于研究在摩擦力和非绝热加热过程影响下的静止对称涡旋），推广应用到研究移动非对称气旋或反气旋的径向环流，导出了考虑地球曲面影响的准拉格朗日等压柱坐标系的切向平均径向环流诊断方程，并根据Eliassen的解析解所揭示的涡旋径向环流在涡旋演变中的作用，定 性地讨论了各种热力和动力的作用，这些热力和动力因子除了磨擦力和非绝热加热外，还有平均和涡动形式的惯性力，角动量平流（相当涡度平流），角动量的垂直对流，温度平流，温度的垂直对流（相当绝热加热）等。     

Coupling processes at the magnetopause

This review covers several aspects of magnetopause research during the two-year period from mid-1991 to mid-1993. It focusses upon three topics which received renewed attention: the structure of the steady-state magnetopause, the origin of the transient events which are superimposed upon it, and the cause of transient signatures observed by high-latitude dayside ground magnetometers. Case and statistical studies defined the relatively unknown characteristics of the magnetosheath plasma layers lying outside the magnetopause, while theoretical studies provided alternative explanations for the presence of magnetosheath plasma within the LLBL. Evidence was presented for a steady transition from magnetosheath to magnetospheric plasma parameters. Detailed studies described the plasma, energetic particle, and magnetic field characteristics of transient events in the outer dayside magnetosphere, and multipoint studies provided important new information concerning the ionospheric response to sudden changes in solar wind parameters. This review emphasizes the competing explanations which have been advanced to explain these phenomena.     

Two-range scaling for tip vortex cavitation inception

The suggested scaling concept for cavitation inception index takes into account boundary layer separation caused by tip vortices, as well as difference in dependencies of boundary layer thickness on Reynolds number for laminar and turbulent boundary layer. Provided asymptotic analysis gives two scaling laws with different values of power for high and low Reynolds numbers. Deduced values correspond well to known experimental data.     

Vortex structure of neutron stars with CFL quark cores

The Ginzburg-Landau equations are derived for the magnetic and gluomagnetic gauge fields of nonabelian semi-superfluid vortex filaments in color superconducting cores of neutron stars containing a diquark CFL condensate. The interaction of the diquark CFL condensate with the magnetic and gluomagnetic gauge fields is taken into account. The asymptotic values of the energies of these filaments are determined from the quantization conditions. It is shown that a lattice of semi-superfluid vortex filaments with a minimal quantum of circulation develops in the quark superconducting core during rotation of the star. The magnetic field in the core of this vortex is on the order of 10¹⁸ G. A cluster of proton vortices, which develops in the hadron phase surrounding every superfluid neutron vortex owing to an entrainment effect, creates new semi-superfluid vortex filaments with a minimal quantum of circulation in the quark superconducting core. Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 633–646 (November 2008).     

Long‐term evolution of the magnetic field generated by an ensemble of Rossby vortices

The evolution of the large‐scale component of the magnetic field generated by an ensemble of Rossby vortices is numerically simulated. The distribution of the Rossby vortices excited at the beginning of each Carrington rotation is determined from the analysis of Kitt Peak synoptic maps. Our model also considers 11‐year hydrodynamic and 22‐year magnetic field oscillations. In the vicinity of the Rossby vortices, the toroidal magnetic field is significantly amplified and the sign of the angle between the rope of the field lines and the equator is in accordance with observations for “normal” sunspots. We also suggest the possibility of the interpretation by our model of “abnormal” sunspot phenomena. We find that an inverse cascade, namely, the merging of Rossby vortices, gives rise to the formation of large‐scale hydrodynamic structures with a life‐time on the order of a solar cycle period. We conclude from this that the formation of such structures can thus explain the appearance of long‐lived, large‐scale component in the distribution of the magnetic field.     

数值模式垂直分辨率对台风大涡模拟的影响

随着计算能力的提升,台风数值模拟大量采用了大涡尺度模拟,其水平分辨率已达到数10 m的量级,而垂直分辨率提升不大,其问题是数值模式的垂直分辨率对台风大涡模拟的影响如何?因此,本文利用WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式开展理想台风模拟,在不同的模式垂直层次(42,69和90层)情况下,研究并讨论数值模式垂直分辨率对台风大涡模拟的影响。结果表明,42层的垂直分辨率明显不足,而69层和90层的垂直分辨率则都能模拟出细致的台风边界层小尺度结构,龙卷尺度涡旋出现较多。与69层试验相比,90层试验模拟的台风强度要弱、龙卷尺度涡旋数量要少,但模拟的台风强度更稳定,模拟的小尺度涡旋也更精细。