东濮凹陷沙一段源岩的成烃动力学参数特征

运用成烃动力学原理对东濮凹陷沙一段源岩进行研究表明,沙一段源岩中的成烃有机质具有非均质性．沙一段目前正在生烃的活化能范围为90kJ／mol～110kJ／mol之间．对应的成熟生烃门限埋深约在2200m左右。该结果为评价沙一段源岩提供了基于动力学上的证据．同时对推进沙一段的油气勘探具有积极意义。     

地质和岩土工程光电传感监测研究新进展——第六届OSMG国际论坛综述

第六届地质(岩土)工程光电传感监测国际论坛于2017年11月3~5日在南京大学顺利召开。本届论坛主题为"基础设施监测技术前沿及应用",共设置了35场特邀报告,来自近20个国家和地区的350余位代表参会。本届论坛显示,近几年来国内外地质和岩土工程光电传感监测领域的研究工作又取得了很多新进展:(1)光电感测解调技术不断成熟和完善,监测信噪比、空间分辨率等指标也突飞猛进;(2)国际上出现了一系列适用于地质与岩土工程监测的新型光电传感器,如聚合物光纤土工织物等;(3)光电传感器及其监测系统成为保障隧道、堤坝、核电站、桥梁等基础设施安全运营的有力工具,为这些设施的健康状态诊断和损伤识别提供了数据支撑;(4)光电传感监测技术在地质灾害监测预警中扮演了越来越重要的角色。未来的研究热点主要集中于3个方面:(1)高性价比的分布式光纤传感解调技术的研发;(2)匹配地质和岩土工程监测需求的新型光纤传感器及其布设工艺的研发;(3)基于人工智能的监测数据处理和灾害预警系统的开发。     

南堡凹陷南部沙一段控砂模式

南堡凹陷盆地内部构造特征复杂,砂体时空分布差异较大。为了明确砂体分布规律,首先对南部缓坡带构造-沉积背景进行研究和岩心相观察,识别了沙一段辫状河三角洲前缘砂体;进而通过对南部缓坡带层序地层格架的建立、沉积学研究和地震地质解释,发现沙一段砂体同时受到顺源和逆源两种同沉积断裂坡折带类型控制。其中,顺源坡折带控制了断槽物源通道的走向,逆源坡折带改变了水流的流向,阻止了砂体的运移。据此,建立了南堡凹陷南部缓坡带沙一段同沉积断裂的控砂模式,得出沙一段砂体具有"沙垒田凸起供砂,断槽物源通道输砂,逆源坡折带阻砂和同沉积洼槽带聚砂"的发育特点。     

云南永善县茂林铜矿铜元素赋存状态研究

云南永善县茂林铜矿属于玄武岩型铜矿,品位较低.通过电子探针、化学多元素分析以及光、薄片镜下观察等研究,对矿石的结构、构造,铜矿物在矿石中的赋存状态都有了清楚认识.研究结果显示约68％的铜以独立矿物的形式赋存在赤铜矿和自然铜中,另有32％的铜则以类质同像的形式赋存在绿泥石中.     

松辽北部三肇地区泉四段高分辨率层序学研究

三肇凹陷扶余油层是松辽北部重点的油气勘探领域之一,主要为一套河流-浅水三角洲沉积,由于河道砂体单层厚度薄、侧向变化快,因此急需对该区开展精细的沉积微相研究,以指导后期地层-岩性油气藏勘探。以肇35区块为例,运用高分辨率层序地层学原理,结合岩心、录井、测井资料,识别层序界面特征,建立层序地层格架,并以短期基准面旋回为制图单元,编制高分辨率层序地层格架内的沉积微相展布图,阐明了其演化规律并建立沉积模式。研究表明：泉四段整体为一长期上升半旋回,内部分出7个短期基准面旋回(SSC1-SSC7),主要发育三角洲平原、前缘2种亚相,进一步分为(水下)分流河道、(水下)决口扇、天然堤等多种微相。7个短期旋回中,SSC1至SSC2基准面缓慢上升,发育上升为主的不完全对称旋回;SSC3至SSC4基准面迅速上升,发育对称旋回和上升为主的不完全对称旋回;SSC5至SSC7基准面上升至最高,发育上升为主的不完全对称旋回。沉积相展布受基准面升降变化控制明显,泉四段自下而上经历了三角洲平原-平原、前缘过渡-三角洲前缘,局部浅湖的演化过程,整体为一次水体由浅变深的湖侵过程。     

The political geography of religion: historical state-church relations in Europe and recent challenges

Historical processes of state formation and nation building are crucial for an understanding of the geography of religions and churches in Europe. Each country has developed its own model of state-church relations, giving rise to a ‘bewildering variety’ as Grace Davie aptly remarks. The aim of this paper is to bring some order to this variety by developing a framework for the comparative study of church-state relations based on Stein Rokkan’s famous conceptual map and recent extensions of it to Central and Eastern Europe by John Madeley. According to that framework Europe has been divided into three mono-confessional (Roman Catholic, Lutheran, and Eastern Orthodox) blocs and two multi-confessional culture belts from Northwest to Southeast, and from Northeast to Southeast. This historical pattern has been challenged by secularisation, which started with the Enlightenment and the French Revolution (Western Europe) and the Russian Revolution (Eastern Europe until the velvet revolutions of 1989/1991) and then became widespread after the ‘cultural revolutions’ of the 1960s. A second challenge has to do with globalisation and its consequences, such as massive immigration and the rise of immigrant religions, and in general deterritorialisation, which means the disembeddedness of religion from its national territory. A third challenge concerns reterritorialisation at other (supranational, regional, transnational, and local) scales, of which the new territorial order of the European Union seems to be the most important. Finally, this paper serves as an introduction to the case studies on church-state relations in this special issue.     

鄂西—渝东地区飞三段天然气成因与成藏阶段

飞三段是鄂西—渝东地区海相碳酸盐岩层系的主力产气层,系统研究飞三段的天然气成藏阶段与主控因素,对该区飞三段的天然气勘探具有指导意义。利用天然气组分和稳定碳同位素资料、烃源岩的干酪根碳同位素资料以及流体包裹体均一温度资料,在阐明油气的成因与来源、烃源岩的生烃史和油气充注史的基础上,结合构造演化史和圈闭演化史,划分了天然气的成藏阶段,并总结了天然气成藏的主控因素。结果认为:飞三段天然气主要为二叠系烃源岩生成的原油的二次裂解气;天然气的成藏经历了古岩性油藏的聚集(190～160 Ma)、古油藏裂解与古岩性气藏形成(160～140 Ma)、天然气调整再聚集形成今构造—岩性复合气藏(140 Ma—现今)3个阶段;沉积期暴露浅滩相储层的规模决定了古油藏的规模,晚期天然气的调整再聚集过程中的保存条件决定了天然气的最终聚集。     

State estimation of tidal hydrodynamics using ensemble Kalman filter

This paper presents a coupling of an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) with a discontinuous Galerkin-based, two-dimensional circulation model (DG ADCIRC-2DDI) to improve the state estimation of tidal hydrodynamics including water surface elevations and depth-integrated velocities. The methodology in this paper using EnKF perturbs the modeled hydrodynamics and bottom friction parameterization in the model while assimilating data with inherent error, and demonstrates a capability to apply EnKF within DG ADCIRC-2DDI for data assimilation. Parallel code development presents a unique aspect of the approach taken and is briefly described in the paper, followed by an application to a real estuarine system, the lower St. Johns River in north Florida, for the state estimation of tidal hydrodynamics. To test the value of gauge observations for improving state estimation, a tide modeling case study is performed for the lower St. Johns River successively using one of the four available tide gauging stations in model-data comparison. The results are improved simulations of water surface elevations and depth-integrated velocities using DG ADCIRC-2DDI with EnKF, both locally where data are available and non-locally where data are not available. The methodology, in general, is extensible to other modeling and data applications, for example, the use of remote sensing data, and specifically, can be readily applied as is to study other tidal systems.     

油气双相介质理论在辽西凹陷南部岩性圈闭中的应用

辽河西部凹陷是辽河拗陷主要的生油凹陷.随着勘探程度的提高,勘探难度不断增大,近年来对辽西凹陷鸳鸯沟和清水洼陷坡折带以下的岩性油气藏勘探需求日益旺盛.通过双相介质油气勘探方法,利用小波变化时频分析特性,提取地震波能量和频率成分,对工作区内探井频谱特征进行了样本学习,总结出了区内高产井和无油井的频谱特征,预测出勘探风险区域的油气富集程度,再结合地球物理反演技术,明确了下一步岩性圈闭的勘探潜力区域,以降低勘探风险.