“03.8”辽宁地区暴雨过程成因的诊断分析

对2003年8月5～6日辽宁地区暴雨过程的环流形势及雷达回波进行了分析。并利用中尺度MM5模式对这次暴雨过程的模拟结果进行了诊断分析，探讨了过程中主要影响系统——华北气旋在渤海西岸生成后迅速发展加强的原因。结果表明。中纬度短波槽的充分发展引导贝加尔湖冷空气的南下、副高的稳定与加强和低空急流的建立输送大量暖湿气流是华北气旋生成的重要条件。而“干侵入”则是造成此次华北气旋迅速发展加强的重要原因。     

DECADAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY OF RAINFALL AROUND THE MIDDLE AND LOWER REACHES OF THE YANGTZE RIVER AND ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION

1 INTRODUCTION Summer climate plays an especially important role in the people’s daily life around East Asia, one of the most populated regions in the world, for most of the regions receive more than 70% of the annual precipitation in summer due to the effect of monsoon climate. Global climate change caused by mankind activities have become a hot topic in recent years, though it is still not clear how these activities result in the climate change around East Asia. Successive studies (Qi…     

"2003.6.17"滇中特大暴雨的中尺度分析

结合大尺度环流的高通滤波、卫星云图和雷达回波诊断，用Shuman—Shapiro中尺度滤波方法，对2003年6月17日云南中部的楚雄市至南华县一带发生的特大暴雨过程进行了中尺度分析。结果表明，这次过程是热带中尺度气旋东南移并发展造成的；地面强冷空气侵入中尺度低压导致对流发展，是热带中尺度气旋加强的原因；大尺度环流下，孟加拉湾、南海和北部湾形成的两条水汽输送带通过热带低压，为强对流的发展和维持提供了能源保障；地面中尺度低压中心和与之配置的切变线北侧对特大暴雨落区有较好的指示。     

Temporal Variability of Iron Speciation in Coastal Rainwater

Iron occurs in rain as particulateand dissolved Fe and includes both Fe(II) and Fe(III)species. Model calculations and correlation analysisindicate Fe(II)(aq) occurs almost exclusively as thefree ion whereas Fe(III)(aq) occurs as both ironoxalate and Fe(OH)₂ ⁺(aq) with largevariations over the pH range from 4.0 to 5.0. Complexation with humic-like compounds may also beimportant for Fe(III)(aq); however, the concentrationand structural characteristics of these compounds haveyet to be determined. 112 rain samples were collectedfor iron analysis in Wilmington, North Carolina,between 1 July 1997, and 30 June 1999. Total iron,particulate iron and Fe(III)(aq) were higher inconcentration in summer and spring rain relative towinter and autumn rain. Fe(II)(aq) concentrations, incontrast, did not vary seasonally. Particulate iron,which was approximately half the total rainwater iron,was highest between noon and 6 p.m. (EST), probably dueto more intense regional convection including land-seabreezes during that time. The ratio ofFe(II)(aq)/Fe(III)(aq) was also highest in rainreceived between noon and 6 p.m., which most likelyreflects photochemical reduction of Fe(III)(aq)complexes to form Fe(II)(aq). A conceptual modeldepicting the interplay between iron species, lightintensity and organic ligands in rainwater ispresented.     

THE BEIJING AREA MESOSCALE NWP SYSTEM AND ITS APPLICATION

Significant progress has been made on the development of mesoscale numerical weather prediction(NWP)system for Beijing area,as a joint project of the National Meteorological Center(NMC)andthe Beijing Meteorological Bureau(BMB).On the basis of the non-hydrostatic mesoscale model PSU/NCAR MM5,a mesoscale NWP system for Beijing area(BJ-MM5V.1)has been developed on thecomputer IBM/SP2 MPP with 24 nodes at NMC.As a two-way nested grid model two grids arechosen with 45 and 15km grid length respectively,and 23 levels in the vertical.It takes 2 hours and20 minutes to make a 36h forecast,which satisfies the time requirement for the operational use.Inaddition to the routine data received from GTS at NMC,the enhanced observations over Beijingregion are used for the objective analyses.This system was put into semi-operational use during thesummer of 1997 to test its performance.The forecast products,hourly rainfalls and all of themeteorological elements needed,are provided to the forecasters at BMB for use.It is identified fromthe test results that the system is robust and has pretty good ability to forecast the spatial andtemporal distribution of the precipitation for the local heavy rainfalls.     

宁夏暴雨动力相似过滤预报系统

通过对北京ＨＬＡＦＳ暴雨模式产品中诸多物理量场与历史个例进行动力过程相检验,在较全面地掌握预报对象的三维空间物理结构和动力过程前提下,通过渗入有明确天气学意义,并对宁夏暴雨有实际预报能力的综合指标和模型,在天气系统自动识别技术的支持下,应用螺旋度修正方案,建立自动、客观化的暴雨落区预报系统。     

长江上游暴雨对1998年长江洪峰影响的分析

通过对１９９８ 年长江上游四川境内暴雨、雨量水文资料、卫星云图等分析,归纳出了１９９８ 年长江上游暴雨的基本特点,认识到长江上游暴雨、高原天气系统与四川云团的活动对１９９８ 年长江洪峰的形成有直接影响。     

一次世界罕见特大暴雨的成因初探

通过对当时的高空、地面天气形势和主要影响系统的跟踪分析 ,结合商洛地区流场、单站气象要素演变曲线 ,以及每小时一次的 GMS- 5卫星云图演变实况 ,参考地形特征 ,初步找出了 1998年 7月 9日商洛特大暴雨的形成原因。     

长江上游区域性暴雨发生前的中尺度特征

通过对长江上游 1 2次区域性暴雨发生前数小时至十余小时的探测资料进行合成分析 ,揭示了该区域暴雨天气发生前的流场、能量场、水汽场和动力场的中尺度特征。对提高该区域暴雨天气预报质量和长江流域防洪具有积极意义。     

1998年夏季松花江、嫩江流域大暴雨的水汽输送

使用松花江、嫩江流域内 94个地面气象观测站 1 998年 6～ 8月逐日降水资料和同期的 NCEP/NCAR再分析资料 ,分析了造成 1 998年夏季中国东北地区松花江、嫩江流域出现超历史纪录特大洪水大暴雨过程时的水汽输送。分析结果认为 ,关键在于南部充沛的水汽向高纬度地区的经向输送。水汽的源地可以追朔到相当远 ,主要来自西太平洋副热带高压南部低纬热带地区和印度洋洋面。制约水汽输送的条件主要是西太平洋副热带高压南北位置、低空偏南急流强弱等。