Effect of Hydrocarbons and Decontaminating Substances on Bacterial Flora of Coastal Sediments

Abstract. Seventy six samples of coastal sediments collected in the Straits of Messina were studied in order to evaluate the effects of an oil spill and the consequent "clean-up" operations on heterotrophic acrobic bacteria.
In addition, in vitro tests were carried out to estimate the effects of five dispersants on the growth and oil degrading capacity of marine strains isolated from the same sediments.     

锡在海洋生物中的含量分布和累积

研究了胶州湾海洋生物体中锡含量。锡可在海洋生物体内高度累积,分布不均,符合生物元素在生物体内的分布特征。     

The Ecology of Amorphous Aggregations (Marine Snow) in the Northern Adriatic Sea:

Abstract. In the water-column of the Gulf of Trieste (Northern Adriatic Sea) flocculent, amorphous aggregates known as marine snow reach maximum density and dimensions up to 20cm in diameter during summer months. Sampling of these fragile macro-aggregates was carried out by SCUBA-divers.
A large detrital component was found to be embedded in an organic matrix together with a large array of intact phytoplankton species. Heterotrophic bacterial density ranged from 2–65 × 10⁸ cells-g^-1 (marine snow dry wt) and is therefore of the same order of magnitude as in the surface layer of the sediments of the Gulf. In terms of biomass, bacteria reached only 30–95% of heterotrophic microflagellates.
A mean abundance of marine snow of 5g (marine snow dry wt) m^-3 was obtained for the water-column above the pyenolinc. At this boundary layer, however, a mean abundance of about 10g (marine snow dry wt) m^-3 led to the formation of a distinct, 10-50cm thick layer. Based on these data and sedimentation rates of marine snow to the pyenoclinc (38 g [marine snow dry wt] m^-2 d^-1) the potential ecological significance of these macro-aggregates for the pelagic system of the Gulf of Trieste is discussed.     

关于浅海海洋质子磁力仪的改装研究

本文介绍了我们改装的一台浅海海洋质子磁力仪,它不仅能用于深水海区,而且可以用于浅水的近岸浅海区的海洋磁力测量。对于近岸浅水工程,石油开发和地质等提供了有利的手段。     

渤海海域发光细菌的分离鉴定

本文对渤海分离的48株发光细菌,从形态、生理生化、免疫学等方面进行了鉴定,发现它们是同一个种,均属弧茵属,具有广食性和无Na~+生长两个显著特征。     

Prey preferences among the community of deep-diving odontocetes from the Bay of Biscay, Northeast Atlantic

Long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas), Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus), melon-headed whales (Peponocephala electra), Cuvier's beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris), Sowerby's beaked whales (Mesoplodon bidens), northern bottlenose whales (Hyperoodon ampullatus), sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus), dwarf sperm whales (Kogia sima) and pygmy sperm whales (Kogia breviceps) make up the large community of deep-diving odontocetes occurring off the Bay of Biscay, northeast Atlantic. The ecology of these toothed cetaceans is poorly documented worldwide. The present study described their prey preferences from stomach content analysis and showed resource partitioning within the assemblage. The majority of the species appeared to be mostly teutophageous. Fish was an important food source only for the Sowerby's beaked whale and, to a lesser extent, for the long-finned pilot whale. In terms of foraging habitats inferred from prey composition, either pelagic oceanic or demersal neritic habitats were exploited by toothed whales in the Bay of Biscay, with only the long-finned pilot whale foraging in the two habitats. Finally, with more than 14,000 identified cephalopods from 39 species, the present study highlighted also the poorly known deep-sea cephalopod community off the Bay of Biscay using top predators as biological samplers.     

Evaluating the social acceptability of Marine Protected Areas

Q methodology provides a novel, quantitative approach to reveal stakeholder perspectives and was used to assess social acceptance of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) with fisheries and conservation management goals using the Devon & Severn region, UK as a case study site. Participants sorted a set of statements (n=42) into a forced-choice frequency distribution and centroid analysis revealed three factors for interpretation: (1) ‘pro-conservation’, characterised by views that conservation should be prioritised over commercial and economic interests; (2) ‘pro-fisheries’ who saw fishing as the priority and expressed concerns over the uncertainty of management measures and the number of planned MPAs; and (3) ‘win–win’ who felt that the current approach to marine management using MPAs would allow both fisheries and conservation goals to be met. Despite some differences in opinion, social acceptability of MPAs was identified across all three discourses, but was limited by the knock-on effects of the exclusion of stakeholders from the implementation of MPAs and the development of management measures. This resulted in disenfranchisement and uncertainty over the future of their activities. The results suggest that social acceptability of MPAs is generated by effective and ongoing stakeholder engagement, transparency and honesty relating to the costs and benefits of designations and a certainty that once sites are in place the resources exist for their effective management. Understanding social acceptability will guide adaptive management and increase the chances of MPA success and the meeting of global targets.     

Shaping an international agreement on marine biodiversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction: Lessons from high seas fisheries

A decade of international discussion on marine biological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction (BBNJ) culminated in 2015 with a United Nations General Assembly Resolution to establish an international legally-binding instrument on the conservation and sustainable use of BBNJ. Proponents of the new instrument therefore consider it as an opportunity to eliminate gaps in the current legal regime and promote better coordination. As the next step in the negotiations begins, substantial lessons can be drawn from the 1995 UN Fish Stocks Agreement (UNFSA), which has faced many of the same challenges related to gaps in scientific knowledge, uneven governance and regulatory capacities, and inherent unpredictability, both ecologically and in terms of anthropogenic drivers of change. For BBNJ, however, such challenges are far more complex due to the diversity of stakeholder communities and the diversity of resources involved, including fish and mineral resources with tangible economic values, marine genetic resources of unknown value, and the culturally-specific values attached to charismatic species and conservation in general. Drawing on lessons from UNFSA, it is argued that the establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs) under the BBNJ instrument would be particularly well served by a similar regional approach aligned with existing international agreements. In this regard, it is recommended that the capacity building under the new international instrument on BBNJ should focus inter alia on the secretariats of the regional fishery management organizations in order to enhance intra-regional and inter-regional cooperation and sharing of best practices.     

Tributyltin impacts in Galapagos Islands and Ecuadorian shore: Marine protected areas under threat

Imposex incidence and biometric parameters were investigated in six muricid species along of 1200 km of Ecuadorian shore and in Galapagos archipelago. The obtained data, were compared to previous studies performed in the same area in 2009. The results showed that moderate imposex levels still occur in coastal areas of Ecuador, even after global TBT ban. However, a reduction in imposex parameters was detected in the sampled sites, indicating probably relationship to the global TBT ban issued by IMO at 2008. On the other hand, the levels currently reported in present study indicates that TBT environmental concentrations are still high enough to produce biological effects in studied areas. In addition, imposex incidence in four muricid species from Galapagos islands were detected suggesting that this marine protected area is under threat of antifouling contamination. These findings, after TBT global ban, denotes that current regulations and conservation plans still need to address such an issue and incorporate more restrictive management rules, particularly in complex coastal areas, vulnerable and unique systems such as the Galapagos Islands.     

中国海洋生态资源环境问题与海洋生态补偿对策分析

随着中国社会经济的高速发展,中国海域海洋生态资源和环境遭到了严重的破坏.目前,国内在海洋生态补偿方面的研究刚刚起步.为实现海洋生态环境保护性开发与可持续利用,急需开展海洋生态补偿相关研究.本文在对中国海洋生态资源和环境状况调查分析基础上,运用外部性理论和模型对海洋生态补偿的作用进行了分析,提出了建立海洋生态补偿机制的途径和对策,为解决海洋生态问题提供决策依据.