基因方法在海洋预报中的应用

基因方法是模拟生物进化规律的工程模型参数全局最估化估计方法，具有并行随机自适应寻优的独特功能，它不限制模型结构形式，最优化准则形式、被估参数数目，有无约束，已开始广泛用于各种模型的参数识别之中，文中对基因方法作初步探讨并提出加速基因方法，在海洋预报模型参数优化估计中得到成功应用。     

渤海湾南部岛屿的成因及意义

在渤海湾南部近岸,分布着几十个由贝壳砂或砂组成的岛屿,它们分别由历史时期的海岸贝壳堤或古黄河三角洲被海洋动力塑造而成。文章简要地分析了其形成过程、海洋动力、实用价值及科学意义。     

海洋自然灾害 对我国沿海经济的影响及对策建议

近几年海洋灾害所造成的经济损呈上升趋势，成为制约我国沿海经济发展的重要环境因素之一。风暴潮所造成的直接经济损失居海洋灾害之首。它象大江、大河与湖泊的洪水灾害一样，也成为中华民族的心腹之患。作者重点论述了减轻海洋灾害所具有的现实意义和战略意义并对如何减轻灾害提出了对策建议。     

Studies on the role of marine bacteria in the upwelling ecosystem——Ⅰ.Bacterial biomass in the upwelling regions

-Six cruises were carried out off the south bank of Fujian - Taiwan during the period of December 21, 1987 to November 15, 1988 to estimate the contribution of bacterial biomass carbon (BBC) to the totai particulate organic pools using epifluorescent microscopic technique. The results show that the standing crop of bacteria fluctuated from 0. 95 to 66. 60 mg /m3 (dry weight). Upwelling phenomena appeared in the region around Nanpeng Island in summer while in the region of Waixie in all seasons. The average value of BBC was 27. 60(±6. 08)mg/m3and 21. 32 (±2. 34) mg/m3 respectively. The seasonal and spatial distribution is discussed in relation to environmental factors as well as upwelling phenomena. The role of bacteria in the flow of material and energy in the upwelling ecosystem is emphasized.     

The role of biological research in supporting policy needs

Within the UK, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) is one of several government departments which undertakes research in support of its policy aims. For example, DEFRA has responsibility for licensing the deposit of materials in the sea in order to protect the environment, public health and prevent interference with other uses of the sea. This includes assessment of pollutant responses in marine organisms. The objectives include assessment of the sub-lethal effect that pollutants have at the cellular, organ and individual level, for example in normal genetic, behavioural and reproductive activity and extrapolation of the potential impact of pollutants to populations. This work helps DEFRA to establish whether individually or in combination, pollutants have an adverse effect on the environment. This paper gives some examples of the research undertaken and demonstrates how biological research can provide cost effective solutions to analytical problems and an opportunity to predict the way in which proposed disposal operations may have an impact on the marine environment. The way such research may influence policy is also discussed.     

壳聚糖抑酸功效研究

实验测定了壳聚糖对人工胃酸的抑制作用，并与对照药品进行了对照实验，证实壳聚糖确对人工胃酸有明显的升高p作用，并产处次给出了壳聚糖的酸当量，即壳聚糖的浓度的价值。     

Adsorption and desorption of proteins and polyamino acids by clay minerals and marine sediments

The adsorption and desorption of proteins and polyamino acids on illite, montmorillonite, goethite, and marine sediments was investigated. Three ¹⁴C-labeled hydrophilic proteins, Rubisco from C. reinhardtii, and GroEL and GroES from genetically modified Escherichia coli, were synthesized and purified for this study. The proteins were strongly and rapidly adsorbed by the clay minerals and marine sediments, and much of the adsorbed protein was not readily desorbed. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) extraction and separation by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and sucrose density gradients showed that Rubisco and GroEL were adsorbed on illite and sediments in their original forms. The apparent adsorption partition coefficients of the proteins were on the order of 10² l/kg on illite, 10³–10⁴ l/kg on goethite and montmorillonite, and 200 and 75 l/kg on Skan Bay and Resurrection Bay (Alaska) sediments, respectively. These partition coefficients are sufficiently large to permit sedimentary protein preservation via an adsorptive mechanism. Generally, basic polyamino acids had greater adsorption partition coefficients than acidic polyamino acids. Molecular size did not affect the electrostatic interaction between polyamino acids and mineral surfaces. Adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and negatively charged polyamino acids inhibited Rubisco adsorption, while positively charged cytochrome c and polyamino acids increased Rubisco adsorption. These results indicate that electrostatic interactions dominated in protein adsorption.     

Renewable energy from the ocean

Growing concern over the threat of global climate change has led to an increased interest in research and development of renewable energy technologies. The ocean provides a vast source of potential energy resources, and as renewable energy technology develops, investment in ocean energy is likely to grow. Research in ocean thermal energy conversion, wave energy, tidal energy, and offshore wind energy has led to promising technologies and in some cases, commercial deployment. These sources have the potential to help alleviate the global climate change threat, but the ocean environment should be protected while these technologies are developed. Renewable energy sources from the ocean may be exploited without harming the marine environment if projects are sited and scaled appropriately and environmental guidelines are followed.     

福建沿岸海产双壳类感染东方肛居吸虫研究

本文研究福建沿岸滩涂双壳类受东方肛居吸虫侵袭的流行学规律,重点阐述宿主贝类种类,病原的地理分布,感染的季节动态,贝类和鱼类的感染途径、传播方式以及它们的生态学特性对感染的影响。