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401.
Dong-Oh Cho 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(3):415-417
A significant amount of sea-based marine debris is generated and deposited in Korean coastal waters. The Korean government has removed 66,000 tons of deposited marine debris since 1999. However, to fully address the problem, the generation of marine debris needs to be prevented. As an alternative, Korean government has initiated an incentive program for fishermen, who collect fishing gear or other marine debris while fishing. Although a considerable amount of marine debris is collected and removed from major fishing grounds, the program may not incentivize long-term sustainable behavior, resulting in further discarding of marine debris when the program is completed. 相似文献
402.
403.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the recent (2006) European Union Directive concerning the management of bathing water quality to exclude the presence of pathogens from complying waters. Coastal water samples were classified according to the Directive. 2.5% of ‘excellent’ water contained Salmonella and 39.2% Candida albicans 11.8% of samples in category ‘good’ were Salmonella positive and 35.2% were C.albicans positive. When the USEPA criterion for marine waters was applied to the same dataset, fewer samples complied, however 6.0% of the complying samples contained Salmonella. The results suggest that the bacterial indicator threshold levels for marine recreational water quality of the 2006/7/EC European Union Directive do not fully exclude contact of bathers with dangerous pathogens. Enterococci, if used as the sole index, appear to form a more reliable proxy of the risk of contact with Salmonella. 相似文献
404.
Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in anoxic marine sediments: Consequences on the speciation of heavy metals 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Antonio Dell’Anno Francesca Beolchini Massimo Gabellini Laura Rocchetti Antonio Pusceddu Roberto Danovaro 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(12):1808-1814
We investigated the effects of biostimulation and bioagumentation strategies applied to harbor sediments displaying reducing conditions and high concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals. We compared the microbial efficiency of hydrocarbon removal from sediments maintained for 60 days in anoxic conditions and inoculated with acetate, sulfate-reducing bacterial strains and acetate and sulfate-reducing bacteria. All treatments determined a significant increase in the microbial growth and significant decreases of hydrocarbon contents and of redox potential values. The addition of sulfate-reducing bacterial strains to the sediment was the most efficient treatment for the hydrocarbon removal. In all experiments, significant changes of the heavy metals’ phase repartition were observed. The results reported here suggest that the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in anoxic marine sediments may be enhanced by stimulating microbial anaerobic metabolism, but care should be applied to monitor the potential changes in the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals induced by bio-treatments. 相似文献
405.
海洋可控源电磁法已经成为海洋油气勘探一个重要工具,但是其资料处理和解释还处于定性和一维模拟阶段.在积分方程三维模拟的基础上对Troll油田实测数据进行了处理,采用人机交互三维模拟寻找背景模型和异常体初始模型,最后对异常体电阻率采用准线性近似快速反演,取得了定量的结果.同时,说明对于二维测线和二维模型依然可以用三维来模拟,其结果优于二维反演.在电子计算机技术快速发展的今天,可以预计三维反演将成为资料处理解释的主流. 相似文献
406.
407.
几种海洋蓝藻生长条件的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对Synechococcus bacillaris,Oscillatoria lud,Schizothrix calcicola,Spirulina platensis等4各海洋蓝藻的生长条件的研究表明,除S.platensis外,其他3种蓝藻在“f/2”培养基中生长良好,外源生长因子对生长有不同程度的促进作用。S.bacillaris适应较高光强,其温度和pH最适范围较窄,S.calcicola 相似文献
408.
Chuan Zhao Thorsten Brinkhoff Malte Burchardt Meinhard Simon Gunther Wittstock 《Ocean Dynamics》2009,59(2):305-315
Adhesion of two marine bacteria Shewanella sp. strain T1 and Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain T8, on differently terminated alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayers on gold was investigated. The selected
model surfaces—terminated by CH3, OH, NH2, COOH, OH-terminated oligo(ethylene glycol), and methyl-terminated oligo(ethylene glycol)—are characterized by contact angle
measurement using water, methylene iodide, 1-bromonaphthalene, and formamide. Surface free energies were calculated. Cell
counting of the two bacterial strains on the model surfaces after different times revealed differences between the two strains
by at least one order of magnitude. For the different surfaces, the bacteria showed comparably small selectivity. Atomic force
microscopy images of adhered bacteria showed very different fingerprints on the different surfaces.
Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible to authorized users. 相似文献
409.
A. N. V. Satyanarayana U. C. Mohanty N. V. Sam Swati Basu V. N. Lykossov 《Journal of Earth System Science》2000,109(2):293-303
An attempt has been made to study the marine boundary layer characteristics over Bay of Bengal using BOBMEX (Bay of Bengal
and Monsoon Experiment) pilot experiment data sets, which was conducted between 23rd October and 12th November 1998 on board
ORV Sagar Kanya. A one-dimensional multilevel atmospheric boundary layer with TKE-ε closure scheme is employed to study the
marine boundary layer characteristics. In this study two synoptic situations are chosen: one represents an active convection
case and the other a suppressed convection. In the present article the marine boundary layer characteristics such as temporal
evolution of turbulent kinetic energy, height of the boundary layer and the airsea exchange processes such as sensible and
latent heat fluxes, drag coefficient for momentum are simulated during both active and suppressed convection. Marine boundary
layer height is estimated from the vertical profiles of potential temperature using the stability criterion. The model simulations
are compared with the available observations. 相似文献
410.
El Niño-Southern Oscillation: Related Probabilities of Fatalities from Natural Perils in Australia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The interannual variability of flood, bushfire andheatwave fatality data for eastern Australia duringthe period 1876–1991 was analysed with respect to thephase of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)and the associated values of the Southern OscillationIndex (SOI). Heatwaves were found to be the mostserious peril in terms of the total number offatalities, while floods ranked first in the fatalityevent day statistics. None of the three monthly(absolute value) fatality data sets showed significantcorrelations with the corresponding values of the SOI,while the correlation analysis of annual (July toJune) data led to significant correlation coefficientsof 0.5 for floods and -0.3 for bushfires. AdditionalSOI value-related classification of the standardisedfatality event days into several ENSO categoriesconfirmed the correlation trends by showing anincrease (decrease) in the standardised bushfire(flood) fatality event day frequencies with increasingvalues of the SOI. In contrast to that, thestandardised heatwave fatality data showed aninconclusive distribution pattern, which hints at theinfluence of other possible factors (such as airpollution) on heatwave-related fatality numbers.The results of a risk assessment analysis have shownthat the probability of reaching the mean annualnumber of flood-fatality event days is roughly fourtimes higher during La Niña seasons (80%) thanthe corresponding probability associated with ElNiño periods (18%). The correspondingprobabilities associated with the mean bushfire andheatwave fatality event days displayed a reversedpattern, with the probabilities of El Niño-relatedyears being roughly twice as high as those associatedwith La Niña seasons (70% and 30% for bushfires,and 60% and 25% for heatwaves, respectively).Further probability calculations performed on thetotals of fatalities from all three perils identifiedthe La Niña years as potentially the mostdangerous in terms of suffering fatalities from theseperils. Furthermore, they highlighted the significantdifferences between the means of fatality event daynumbers recorded during years of extreme SOI values(9.8 for La Niña, and 9.1 for El Niño seasons)and those marked by near-zero SOI values (6.6). Themajor reason for the increase in risk associated withextreme ENSO phases was the higher variability ofthese perils during the respective seasons. 相似文献