POSSIBLE IMPACTS OF MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION ON THE SEVERE RAIN-SNOW WEATHER IN CHINA DURING NOVEMBER 2009

Possible relationships between MJO and the severe rain-snow weather in Eastern China during November of 2009 are analyzed and results show that a strong MJO process is one of the strong impact factors.MJO is very active over the Indian Ocean in November 2009.Especially,it maintains 9 days in MJO phase 3,just corresponding to the two strongest rain-snow processes.Composites of MJO events show that when the MJO convective center is located over the Indian Ocean,the probability of rainfall is significantly increased and the temperature is lower than normal in eastern China,which is consistent with the situation in November of 2009.Atmospheric circulation anomalies of mid-and higher-latitudes can be influenced by the tropical MJO convection forcing and this influence could be realized by teleconnection.When the MJO is over the Indian Ocean,it is favorable for the maintenance of a circulation pattern of two ridges versus one trough at mid-and higher-latitudes.Meanwhile,the western Pacific subtropical high is stronger and more westward than normal,and a significant convective belt appears over eastern East Asia.All these circulation anomalies shown in the composite result also appeared in the observations in November 2009,which indicates the general features of relationships between the MJO and the circulation anomalies over the extratropics.Besides the zonal circulation anomalies,the MJO convection can also lead to meridional circulation anomalies.When the MJO convection is located over the Indian Ocean,the western Pacific is dominated by anomalous descending motion,and the eastern East Asia is controlled by strong convergence and ascending motion.Therefore,an anomalous meridional circulation is formed between the tropics and middle latitudes,enhancing the northward transportation of low-level moisture.It is potentially helpful to understanding and even forecasting such kind of rain-snow weather anomalies as that in November 2009 using MJO.     

MJO活动对云南5月降水的影响

本文分析了1979～2008年5月MJO(Madden and Julian Oscillation)不同位相上大尺度环流对流和水汽输送的异常情况及其对云南5月降水的影响。按MJO活动中心位置从西向东分为8个位相, 在不同位相上, 云南5月降水呈现出明显的差异:第4～6位相(MJO对流中心位于赤道印度洋中部至西太平洋)降水偏多, 而第7～8位相(赤道太平洋中部以东)和第1～3位相(赤道印度洋中西部)降水偏少, 其中以第6位相的降水正异常和第2位相的负异常最为显著。在MJO 1～8位相中, 对流主体从热带印度洋东移。在第1～3位相, 孟加拉湾还未形成西南向水汽输送, 而云南又处于水汽辐散区, 降水较少;第4位相时对流主体到达90°N附近, 部分对流云系向孟加拉湾北传, 并在孟加拉湾生成气旋性环流, 向云南输送水汽, 云南降水增多;第5位相时对流主体传到南海, 部分对流云系在南海北传, 同时在南海形成北传的气旋性环流;第6位相时赤道MJO对流主体虽然东移出孟加拉湾, 但孟加拉湾和南海的两个气旋性环流依然继续北传, 孟加拉湾气旋东部的西南风和南海气旋西部的东北风在云南交汇, 云南被强烈的水汽辐合区控制, 降水最充沛。第7～8位相时, 对流主体减弱, 东移到南海和西太平洋一带, 孟加拉湾转向为偏北风, 停止向云南输送水汽, 且云南处于水汽辐散区控制, 降水偏少。因此, MJO主体在东传过程中, 激发了热带对流在孟加拉湾和南海两条通道上的北传, 强盛的水汽输送和两个海区气旋环流的有利配置是造成云南5月降水的重要原因。     

MJO与ENSO关系的研究进展

MJO是热带大气的强信号,ENSO是热带太平洋海气相互作用的最强信号,两者的时间空间尺度不同,但都对全球范围的大气活动有显著的影响,且两者之间也有着密切的关系。总结了近年来MJO和ENSO相互关系方面的研究,并在此基础上提出需要进一步研究的问题。     

层云加热对热带大气季节内振荡的影响

本文研究了层云降水加热对于激发热带大气季节内振荡(Madden-Julian oscillation,简称MJO)所起到的作用.将层云加热作用引入到非线性的CISK (Conditional Instability of Second Kind)-Kelvin波方程组,并分别利用截谱方法和四阶Runge-Kutta方法...     

夏季MJO持续异常的主要特征分析

在MJO传播过程中,其活动中心并不总是规律地沿赤道东传。本文通过资料分析发现,夏季MJO的活动中心会出现东传停滞的情况,表现为MJO在赤道太平洋持续异常活跃或者在印度洋持续异常活跃两种形式。为更好描述MJO这种东传不明显的异常特征,本文定义了一个描述MJO持续异常的指数,并据此对夏季MJO持续异常的主要特征进行分析。通过小波分析的方法,发现夏季MJO持续异常时其振荡周期会出现缩短或变弱。通过对MJO持续异常状况下的大气环流进行合成对比分析后发现,夏季MJO的持续异常会对热带大气环流造成显著的影响。具体表现为:MJO夏季在赤道太平洋（印度洋）持续活跃的时候,赤道沃克环流减弱（增强）,西太平洋哈得来环流增强（减弱）,西太平洋副高位置偏北（偏南）,赤道太平洋（印度洋）高层辐散且对流活跃。     

MJO对我国降水影响的季节调制和动力-统计降尺度预测

利用1981—2016年中国区域CN05.1格点降水资料和EAR-Interim再分析资料,研究了季节循环对于热带大气季节内振荡(MJO)对我国降水影响的调制作用,并基于模式对MJO的预报建立了针对延伸期降水的动力-统计降尺度模型。结果表明,MJO对我国季节内降水异常的影响明显受到季节循环的调制。当MJO对流在热带印度洋活跃时,我国降水偏多的区域随季节由南向北推进;当MJO对流位于海洋性大陆地区时,在秋、冬季我国东部和高原大部分地区降水异常偏少,而到了春、夏季该关系反转。MJO对流和基本气流(特别是副热带西风急流)的位置和强度的变化所引起热带外环流响应的不同是造成这种季节性差异的重要原因。模式检验表明,BCC_AGCM2.2对目标候MJO的预报技巧可达18d以上,在此基础上利用模式预报MJO信息构建了随季节演变滚动的MJO动力-统计降尺度预测模型。独立样本检验表明,该模型在较长时效(10~20d)下对MJO高影响区低频降水异常的预报技巧高于模式的直接预报,特别是在MJO活跃时期对降水预报技巧的提升更加明显,这为MJO信号释用提供了新的思路。     

大气模式中季节内振荡特征对不同海温强迫场的响应

利用美国国家大气研究中心 (NCAR)的全球大气模式 (CCM3) ,分别以月平均和周平均海表温度 (SST)为强迫场进行 2个积分试验 (称为 CCMM和 CCMW试验 )。积分结果与观测资料的对比分析发现 ,CCM3模拟大气季节内振荡 (MJO)信号的强度均较观测资料偏弱 ,而其中以CCMW模拟的强度略大而较接近真实。表明 SST强迫场包含更真实的季节内变化信息对提高模拟 MJO强度有作用。 CCMM与 CCMW模拟 MJO活动的时间位相均与观测差别较大 ,直接原因在于 CCM3中降水季节内振荡与 SST变化的相关关系不正确 ,而更根本的问题在于大气模式无法反映资料分析发现的季节内时间尺度的 SST与大气的相互作用。     

Boreal summer intraseasonal oscillations in the MJO skeleton model with observation-based forcing

The Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) skeleton model is a low-order model for intraseasonal oscillations that, in an extended form, includes off-equatorial and antisymmetric components. Previous studies of this extended model have used an idealized background state and forcing terms. In the current study, observation-based estimates of these forcing terms and background state are used. Linear solutions to the extended model with this observation-based forcing consist of both equatorially-symmetric convective events and events with a meridional tilt reminiscent of composites of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) in observational studies. Solutions to a nonlinear stochastic form of the model exhibit realistic precipitation mean and variance and intraseasonal variability throughout much of the tropics. These solutions contain several types of events, including meridionally-tilted convective activity that moves both northward and eastward. Solutions to both forms of the model also indicate that this BSISO-like convective activity is coupled to activity over the eastern Pacific. A discussion of these features and their agreement with previous observational studies of the BSISO is given.     

印度洋地区MJO对流生成动力学机制的研究进展

Madden-Julian Oscillation （MJO）是热带大气在季节内时间尺度上的主要变化特征,MJO对流的活动对全球很多地区的天气和气候系统都有重要的影响,因此MJO是大气科学重要的前沿课题之一.MJO对流的生成过程是MJO研究中公认的最薄弱的环节,文中从MJO的研究背景出发,对MJO对流生成的有关研究工作及其进展进行了回顾与总结,主要包括MJO对流生成的前期信号、MJO对流的数值模拟、MJO对流生成的动力学机制.最后对MJO对流生成研究中还有待解决的问题进行了分析与讨论.     

THE INFLUENCE OF PERSISTENT ANOMALY OF MJO ON ENSO

In this study, two possible persistent anomalies of the Madden-Julian Oscillation mode (MJO) are found in the summer season (persistently Pacific active and Indian Ocean active), and an index is set to define the intensity of the two modes. They are proved to have high statistical correlations to the later ENSO events in the autumn and winter seasons: When persistent anomaly of MJO happens in the Pacific Ocean in summer, El Ni?o events are often induced during the autumn and winter seasons of that year. However, during the other MJO mode when the summer persistent anomaly of MJO occurs in the Indian Ocean, La Ni?a events often follow instead. The analysis of the atmospheric circulation field indicates that persistent anomaly of MJO can probably affect the entire Equatorial Pacific circulation, and results in wind stress anomalies. The wind stress anomalies could excite warm or cold water masses which propagate eastwards at the subsurface ocean. The accumulation of warm or cold subsurface water in the Equatorial Eastern Pacific Ocean may eventually lead to the formation of an ENSO.