Lightning activity related to satellite and radar observations of a mesoscale convective system over Texas on 7–8 April 2002

A multi-sensor study of the leading-line, trailing-stratiform (LLTS) mesoscale convective system (MCS) that developed over Texas in the afternoon of 7 April 2002 is presented. The analysis relies mainly on operationally available data sources such as GOES East satellite imagery, WSR-88D radar data and NLDN cloud-to-ground flash data. In addition, total lightning information in three dimensions from the LDAR II network in the Dallas–Ft. Worth region is used.GOES East satellite imagery revealed several ring-like cloud top structures with a diameter of about 100 km during MCS formation. The Throckmorton tornadic supercell, which had formed just ahead of the developing linear MCS, was characterized by a high CG+ percentage below a V-shaped cloud top overshoot north of the tornado swath. There were indications of the presence of a tilted electrical dipole in this storm. Also this supercell had low average CG− first stroke currents and flash multiplicities. Interestingly, especially the average CG+ flash multiplicity in the Throckmorton storm showed oscillations with an estimated period of about 15 min.Later on, in the mature LLTS MCS, the radar versus lightning activity comparison revealed two dominant discharge regions at the back of the convective leading edge and a gentle descent of the upper intracloud lightning region into the trailing stratiform region, apparently coupled to hydrometeor sedimentation. There was evidence for an inverted dipole in the stratiform region of the LLTS MCS, and CG+ flashes from the stratiform region had high first return stroke peak currents.     

"2003.6.17"滇中特大暴雨的中尺度分析

结合大尺度环流的高通滤波、卫星云图和雷达回波诊断，用Shuman—Shapiro中尺度滤波方法，对2003年6月17日云南中部的楚雄市至南华县一带发生的特大暴雨过程进行了中尺度分析。结果表明，这次过程是热带中尺度气旋东南移并发展造成的；地面强冷空气侵入中尺度低压导致对流发展，是热带中尺度气旋加强的原因；大尺度环流下，孟加拉湾、南海和北部湾形成的两条水汽输送带通过热带低压，为强对流的发展和维持提供了能源保障；地面中尺度低压中心和与之配置的切变线北侧对特大暴雨落区有较好的指示。     

A Study on the Mesoscale Convective Systems during the Summer Monsoon Onset over the South China Sea in 1998Part I: Analysis of Large-Scale Fields for Occurrence and Development of the Mesoscale Convective Systems

1. Introduction China is located in the East Asian monsoon re- gion. Every year's weather and climate in this region is deeply affected by the monsoon activities. Es- pecially, during flooding season (May to September), the summer monsoon controls large-scale precipitation patterns, the movement of seasonal rain belt and oc- currence of drought/flood disasters. The Asian mon- soon can be divided into two systems (Tao and Chen, 1987). As a major component and its unique location, the South …     

甘肃省时段暴雨量随高程变化规律分析

甘肃是一个暴雨多发的省份，通过介绍与暴雨关系密切的甘肃自然地理概况，选用甘肃境内雨量站的长系列观测资料，在统计10min、60min、6h、24h、3d5个时段多年平均时段最大暴雨量的基础上．选择了三个代表性流域一黑河流域、祖厉河流域和洮河流域研究了5个时段的暴雨量随高程的变化而变化的规律。对于认识甘肃暴雨随高程的变化规律，了解甘肃暴雨特性，指导暴雨观测与山区水资源量计算等具有重要意义。     

MCS的形态特征和外推预报

对红外卫星云图进行图象处理之后,对ＭＣＳ的边界廓线进行傅里叶展开,求得其形态特征。利用形态特征的保守性,得到ＭＣＳ的移动矢。以此对ＭＣＳ的移动作外推预报,结果表明,准确率比目测判别要高。     

一次有利于人工增雨作业的锋面降水过程分析

使用常规天气资料、卫星云图和雷达回波资料分析１９９９年６月１３～１４日内蒙古一次锋面降水天气过程的天气条件、卫星云图和雷达回波的特征,对锋面降水云系的分布进行讨论,为人工增雨飞行播撒作业提供科学依据。     

2000年春季北京特大沙尘暴物理化学特性的分析

2000年春季北京频频发生沙尘天气,严重影响了北京市大气环境状况.对4月6日北京地区发生的特大沙尘暴化学元素成分的分析表明北京春季沙尘污染极为严重.沙尘暴期间,20种元素总质量浓度高达1536μg/m3,是1999年同期的31.4倍.即使沙尘暴过后,污染依然严重,元素总质量浓度仍高达338.7μg/m3,是1999年春季的7倍.研究还发现,沙尘暴期间来自远方的大粒子占了很大的比例,绝大多数的元素浓度在粒径大于16μm处出现一个非常高值,远高于其他谱段的浓度;在沙尘暴后及其他时间,还没有观测到这种谱分布.沙尘暴期间的粗粒子(d>2μm)数浓度是沙尘暴后的20倍以上,细粒子(d<2μm)的数浓度是沙尘暴后的7倍.     

广西沿海热带气旋暴雨分析

利用1954-1998年的资料,以统计分析的方法,对广西沿海热带气旋暴雨与热带气旋生成地区、路径和天气形势的相互关系进行初步探讨,归纳出几点有价值的结论.     

河南荥巩煤上二叠世早期地层中异地煤的成因动力学研究

早二叠世早期,豫西地区处于热带陆表海环境.这一时期形成的海陆交替相含煤地层,太原组下部灰岩段中的I3煤层,其直接顶、底板均为浅海碳酸盐沉积,煤层本身具有明显的风暴沉积层序,是风暴作用形成的异地煤.     

沙尘暴生态效应与防治的探讨

沙尘暴是一种在特定时空条件下发生的自然现象,由于人类的过度干扰,对沙尘暴发生的频率和强度产生了诱导作用和富集影响,从而使人们对沙尘暴的危害出现“谈暴色变”的反应。但当沙尘暴在带来危害的同时,也对全球和区域环境产生重要的生态影响,表现为:促进全球生态系统中生物地球化学循环、重新分配和平衡地球生态系统的生产力、改善大气环境、促进生物繁殖体扩散、促进生态系统演替。所以对沙尘暴的关注,不仅要研究其对沙源区、途经区的危害,同时也应加强以下几方面的研究:沙尘暴对生态系统能流、物流和信息流影响;沙尘暴对植被恢复、农作物的后续影响及区域小气候的影响;沙尘暴单源污染与具有污染源城市的双重污染的富集作用;沙尘暴危害与发生频率的平衡点,经济损失与生态影响的平衡点。由此,对沙尘暴这一自然现象,我们应赋予科学的态度,从而理性地进行针对沙尘暴发源地的生态治理,做到可为、可不为的生态修复行为。