利用车载激光扫描的城市森林三维绿量估算

针对城市森林绿量估算研究不足的现状,该文提出了结合高分辨率航空遥感影像和车载激光扫描技术估算城市森林三维绿量的方法:首先从车载激光扫描数据中提取道路两侧单株树的生物物理参数,再结合从航空遥感影像中提取的植被分布,对均质城市森林片区进行三维绿量的拟合计算;最后以上海市滨江森林公园为例进行了方法验证。结果表明,该方法能够拓展车载激光扫描系统应用的领域,为城市绿化信息的获取提供参考。     

The MgCr2O4–MgFe2O4 solid solution series: effects of octahedrally coordinated Fe3+ on T–O bond lengths

The influence on the spinel structure of Fe³⁺ → Cr substitution was studied in flux-grown synthetic single crystals of the magnesiochromite–magnesioferrite (MgCr₂O₄–MgFe₂O₄) solid solution series. Samples were analysed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, electron microprobe analyses, optical absorption and Mössbauer spectroscopy. With the exception of iron-poor samples (3–12 mol-% MgFe₂O₄), optical absorption and Mössbauer spectra show that iron occurs almost exclusively as trivalent Fe in the present samples. A very intense and broad absorption band at ca 7,800 cm^?1 dominates the optical absorption spectra of samples with higher Fe-contents. The appearance of this band is related to a distinct structural disorder of Fe³⁺ and a development of magnetic ordering as demonstrated by Mössbauer spectra. Profound composition-related changes are observed in the Mössbauer spectra, which are magnetically unsplit in the range 2–41 mol-% magnesioferrite, but become magnetically split in the range 59–100 mol-% magnesioferrite. Structural parameters a ₀ and M–O increase with magnesioferrite content and inversion degree, while u and T–O decrease. Our study confirms the previously reported (Lavina et al. 2002) influence of Fe³⁺ at the M site on T–O bond lengths in the spinel structure.     

自变量优化的一元线性回归

一元线性回归是应用最为广泛的参数估计方法之一。文中提出一元线性回归的自变量在等差级数的基础上进行双向黄金分割,提高两端点观测值的多余观测分量,缩小观测值之间多余观测分量的差异,在不增加观测值数量和不改变观测值精度的前提下,提高稳健估计方法消除或减弱粗差的能力。     

柬埔寨王国额勒赛下游水电站施工控制网的建立

结合柬埔寨王国额勒赛下游水电站上、下电站施工建造的要求,介绍了额勒赛下游水电站施工控制网的设计方法和要求,对控制网GPS外业观测成果的质量进行了简要的分析,详细讨论了GPS控制网内、外业数据处理的方法和要求。     

我国IGS基准站高程时间序列抗差功率谱估计

为更清晰地了解基准站高程序列的周期运动特性,本文采用抗差最小二乘迭代与功率谱估计相结合的方法,分析了我国6个IGS基准站近11年观测得到的高程时间序列数据。在功率谱分析获取准确的高程运动第一主周期项的基础上,继续抗差迭代,并分离出高程方向运动的其他主周期项和振幅,得到了主要周期项对高程方向运动能量的贡献大小,基准站高程方向具有接近一年的年周期运动和多于一年的第二主周期项运动,半周年项运动所占的比重很小。     

中国各省甲烷排放量初步估算及空间分布

CH₄是除CO₂以外的最重要的温室气体,是大气中含量最丰富的有机痕量气体。估算我国甲烷排放量对控制温室气体的排放有着重要的意义。采用2006年IPCC清单指南推荐的温室气体清单编制方法,结合国内外研究成果,选取适合我国的排放因子,利用官方统计数据对2000～2005年我国各省煤炭开采、废弃物管理、生物质燃烧、水稻种植、牲畜反刍、粪便管理等排放源的排放量分别做了估算,并得到空间分布状况。结果表明:与1994年相比,我国甲烷排放总量有所增大,1994年排放总量为34287Gg(1Gg=10⁶kg),至2005年增加到41493Gg,主要是煤炭开采甲烷排放量增加趋势最为明显,但是与我国GDP增加速度和能源使用量增加速度相比,我国的甲烷排放还是有所控制的。在空间分布上来看,各省排放量地区差异明显,CH₄排放量较大的区域主要集中在我国的东北、华北以及西南地区,西北地区和部分直辖市排放量较低,另外各省排放源的配置也各不相同,主要与各区域排放源的变化有关。     

Determination of the intrinsic velocity field in the M87 jet

A new method to estimate the Doppler beaming factor of relativistic large-scale jet regions is presented. It is based on multiwaveband fitting to radio-to-X-ray continua with synchrotron spectrum models. Combining our method with available observational data of proper motions, we derive the intrinsic velocity as well as the viewing angles to the line of sight for eight knotty regions down the M87 jet. The results favour the 'modest beaming' scenario along the jet, with Doppler factors varying between  ∼2–5  . The inner jet of M87 suffers sharp deceleration, and the intrinsic speed remains roughly constant down the outer jet. The orientation of the inner jet regions is fully consistent with the result of 10°–19° to the line of sight suggested by previous Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ) proper motion studies of the M87 jet. The outer jet, however, shows systematic deflection off the inner jet to a much smaller inclination  (θ≪ 10°)  . Further calculation of knot A suggests that this deflection can be regarded as evidence that the outer jet suffers some departure from equipartition. The nucleus region of the M87 jet should have a viewing angle close to its first knot HST-1, i.e.  θ∼ 15°  , which favours the idea that M87 may be a misaligned blazar. This work provides some hints about the overall dynamics of this famous extragalactic jet.     

Multiwavelength study of M33's giant H ii regions NGC 588 and NGC 592

We present a detailed multiwavelength photometric study of giant H  ii regions NGC 592 and NGC 588 in the nearby small spiral galaxy M33. We use data taken with the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) on board the Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ). We detect several massive stars in both ionizing clusters. Six Wolf–Rayet (WR) stars are known to exist within those regions and we are able to constrain their physical properties by comparing their photometry to the latest grid of model atmospheres for WR stars of the nitrogen sequence (WN subclass). We estimate the age and mass of both regions by fitting our photometry to models of integrated stellar populations.     

Old stellar population synthesis: new age and mass estimates for Mayall Ⅱ = G1

Mayall Ⅱ = G1 is one of the most luminous globular clusters (GCs) in M31. Here, we determine its age and mass by comparing multicolor photometry with theo-retical stellar population synthesis models. Based on far- and near-ultraviolet GALEX photometry, broad-band UBV RI, and infrared JHK8 2MASS data, we construct the most extensive spectral energy distribution of G1 to date, spanning the wavelength range from 1538 to 20000A. A quantitative comparison with a variety of simple stellar pop-ulation (SSP) models yields a mean age which is consistent with G1 being among the oldest building blocks of M31 and having formed within ～1.7Gyr after the Big Bang. Irrespective of the SSP model or stellar initial mass function adopted, the resulting mass estimates (of order 107M⊙) indicate that G1 is one of the most massive GCs in the Local Group. However, we speculate that the cluster's exceptionally high mass suggests that it may not be a genuine GC. Our results also suggest that G1 may contain, on average, (1.65±0.63) × 102L⊙ far-ultraviolet-bright, hot, extreme horizontal-branch stars, depend-ing on the adopted SSP model. In addition, we demonstrate that extensive multi-passband photometry coupled with SSP analysis enables one to obtain age estimates for old SSPs that have similar accuracies as those from integrated spectroscopy or resolved stellar pho-tometry, provided that some of the free parameters can be constrained independently.     

雷达定量降水估算在水文模式汛期洪水预报中的应用试验

通过雷达测雨技术获得高时空分辨率的降雨信息,作为水文模型的输入,用以提高水文预报的精度。文章以湖北省白莲河流域为例,利用分组Z-I关系转化雷达反射率为雨强,运用地面雨量站网实测雨量对其进行校准,将不同方法估算得到的雨量结果输入新安江模型进行洪水预报测试,结果表明未校准雷达估算降雨量直接输入水文模型,其结果是不理想的;利用校准后的雷达估算降雨量进行洪水预报,精度得到了很大提高。