基于水平集法的非均质岩石建模及水力压裂传播特性研究

基于水平集法的基本思想,讨论了含有不同类型包裹体分布的岩石的二维和三维有限元建模方法。对于二维有限元模型的建立,考虑了以椭圆形为例的规则包裹体的周期分布、位置及包裹体大小均随机变化的多种情况。建议了包裹体和基岩之间界面的材料特性过渡处理方法。同时给出了含有非规则形状包裹体的建模方法。对于三维有限元模型的建立,则考虑了以任意大小椭球体为例的包裹体分布情况。该种建模方法的优点是对于不同的含有任意分布的包裹体的岩石试件,均可以采用相同的有限元网格,即,材料特性的变化不受有限元网格的制约。该法缺点是增加了计算资源。最后结合基于弥散裂缝模型的水力压裂数值计算方法,模拟了含有不同包裹体分布的岩石试件的水力压裂传播特点。     

云南巍山小纪罗异常区铜多金属矿找矿思路

小纪罗异常反映低温热液活动元素的主异常。已发现2个铜矿点。讨论异常区成矿围岩条件、矿化类型,分析矿化与构造、岩体之间的关系,为下一步铜多金属找矿工作提供思路。     

运用层序不对称性分析海平面变化特征

目前研究海平面变化的方法尚不能精确确定海平面变化，对记录海平面变化的沉积体或层序物质组成及结构特点的研究尚显薄弱。在分析层序不对称性与海平面变化的关系基础，提出层序不对称系数S0，认为海平面的升降变化对浅水沉积区影响显著，其结果必然造成层序S0的增加；海平面的升降变化对沉水沉积区影响不大，层序S0较为恒定。对进行详细研究中扬子区S0分布特点，运用S0曲线计算了中扬子区海平面变化特点，并与其他方法进行对比，认为可以用S0判断水体相对深浅，分析海平面变化。     

浅水环境中垂向圆形纯射流的试验研究

对静止均匀浅水水域中的铅垂圆形单孔射流进行了试验研究,试验是在实验室的自制恒定水流循环系统中进行的。得到了水面的隆起高度与射流出口单位能量和相对水深的函数关系;验证了隆起高度分布具有自相似性,并给出其统一表达式;借助于三维测速仪,得到了射流流速的横断面分布、射流中线流速的衰减规律和流场的流函数等值线。     

Late Pleistocene sea-level oscillations (MIS 10–2) recorded in shallow marine and coastal plain sediments of the southern Wanganui Basin, New Zealand

The northern Wanganui Basin, New Zealand, is one of the key global sites for understanding marine cyclic sedimentation during the Quaternary. This paper presents the first evidence of marine cyclic sedimentation from its central-southern parts. Sedimentological, micropalaeontological and palynological analyses on a 280-m-deep borehole encountered units dating back to MIS 10. The sequence includes four marine cycles spanning MIS 9–5, which are overlain by terrestrial fluvial aggradation surfaces dating from MIS 4–2. Each marine unit represents a progressively shallowing depositional environment from the mid-shelf to coastal plain. This is overlain by a terrestrial sequence of lowstand fluvial terraces. Localized fault movements appear to have influenced the sedimentary character of the sequence during MIS 7a and 5e producing basement highs which provided protection to the shoreline. The cyclothems described in this paper now extend the already extensive, previously described record from MIS 17–10 to produce a combined eustatic record of Quaternary sea level change within the basin to MIS 5. They also provide an excellent example of the sedimentary response of a coastal basin to a progressive loss of sedimentation accommodation space.     

区域水资源与社会经济协调程度评价研究

基于陈守煜多级多目标模糊模式识别模型，提出了区域水资源与社会经济协调程度评价模型。该模型利用级别特征值解决了多层多级多目标系统区域水资源与社会经济协调程度的评价，给出了多个目标隶属函数的计算公式。经分析比较，方法可行，结果合理。     

滇东南中三叠统法郎组锰矿床成因的新认识

产于滇东南中三叠世拉丁期法郎组地层中的锰矿床,锰矿石出现氧化锰矿与碳酸盐锰矿混合存在现象,没有明显的变质现象,为沉积成因。矿石中一般都含有生物碎屑。我们对采自这一地区的斗南、岩子脚、老乌,土基冲等典型矿床的锰矿石样品,进行了系统的薄片显微镜和扫描电镜观察,同时应用X射线衍射对矿石矿物成份作了相应分析。观察到这些矿石中的鲕、豆状结构是由蓝绿藻类微生物凝聚作用形成的显微叠层构造,具有核形石特有的核心和包壳,其明—暗纹层相间的显微结构特征可以与现代深海大洋铁锰结核相类比。本文通过对核形石显微结构特征的观察和对锰矿物生成时介质环境的讨论,初步研究结果表明,锰矿形成可能位于古氧化还原界面附近,该区锰的富集可能与微生物活动密切相关。     

Selenium content in soils from Murcia Region (SE,Spain)

The objective of this study was to determine the selenium content in soils from the Region of Murcia (SE, Spain) and to study the possible relationship between mineralogical composition, soil properties and selenium content. In addition, generic reference level (GRL) for selenium was determined according to Spanish legislation. For this study, 490 samples were selected in areas subjected to agricultural activity or abandoned agricultural soils with natural vegetation. Five different zones were established in order to study selenium variability. Four different mineralogical groups were established, based on significant relationship with the mineralogical composition, and each sample was included in one mineralogical group. The results showed that the concentration of selenium is correlated with the electrical conductivity, sulphate content and with the mineralogical composition, particularly positively with quartz and in a negative way with calcite percentage. In addition, selenium level was positively correlated with the phyllosilicate content. Established GRL for selenium varies with the mineralogical group, having a great transcendence from the legal and economic points of view.     

The extent of desertification on Saudi Arabia

Desertification is the process that turns productive deserts into non-productive deserts as a result of poor land-management. Desertification reduces the ability of land to support life, affecting wild species, domestic animals, agricultural crops and humans. The reduction in plant cover that accompanies desertification leads to accelerated soil erosion by wind and water. South Africa is losing approximately 300–400 million tons of topsoil every year. As vegetation cover and soil layer are reduced, rain fall impact and run-off increases. This paper discusses the extent of desertification, its potential threat to sustained irrigated agriculture and possible measures adopted to control ongoing desertification processes to minimize the loss of agricultural productivity in an arid country such as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.     

Carbon isotope stratigraphy of Lochkovian to Eifelian limestones from the Devonian of central and southern Europe

Lower to Middle Devonian carbonates of the Prague Syncline, the Carnic Alps, the Montagne Noire, and the Cantabrian Mountains were investigated for δ¹³C_carb and δ¹³C_org. These values were measured on bulk rocks, selected components and cements. Many carbonates exhibit primary marine values, but some are altered by diagenesis. A δ¹³C curve can be presented for the latest Pridolian to Emsian time interval. Several sharp or broad positive excursions are obvious in the woschmidti-postwoschmidti, sulcatus, kitabicus, Late serotinus, and kockelianus conodont zones. The excursion at the Silurian–Devonian boundary is known worldwide and therefore considered global in nature. Some of the others are described for the first time from central and southern Europe, and their global nature has to be verified by further investigations in other regions. Most excursions relate to and/or started during major regressions whereas sea-level highstands correspond to minimal δ¹³C values. Similar relationships between sea-level changes and δ¹³C have been observed from other early Palaeozoic intervals. The transgressive Chote? (?) and Ka?ák events are marked by positive isotope excursions, this type of combination is usually observed in late Palaeozoic to Cenozoic black shale events.